Week 9 - Cardiovascular

Frage 1 von 48

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The ❌ pumps blood to the lungs (the ❌) where gas exchange occurs, ie. the blood collect oxygen from the airsacs and excess carbon dioxide diffuses into the airsacs for ❌.
The ❌ pumps blood into the ❌, which supplies the rest of the body. Here, ❌ are passed into the blood for excretion, and body cells extract nutrients and oxygen.

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right side of the heart

Pulmonary circulation

exhalation

left side of the heart

systemic circulation

tissue wastes

Erklärung

Frage 2 von 48

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The right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs (the Pulmonary circulation) where gas exchange occurs, ie. the blood collect oxygen from the airsacs and excess carbon dioxide diffuses into the airsacs for exhalation.
The left side of the heart pumps blood into the systemic circulation, which supplies the rest of the body. Here, tissue wastes are passed into the blood for excretion, and body cells extract nutrients and oxygen.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

WAHR
FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 3 von 48

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The left side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs (the Pulmonary circulation) where gas exchange occurs, ie. the blood collect oxygen from the airsacs and excess carbon dioxide diffuses into the airsacs for exhalation.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

WAHR
FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 4 von 48

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Should the supply of oxygen and nutrients to body cells become inadequate ....

Wähle eine der folgenden:

tissue damage occurs and cell death may follow.
the mitochondria will regenerate and supply additional energy.

Erklärung

Frage 5 von 48

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Arteries and Arteriorioles transport blood away from the heart. Their walls consist of three layers of tissue - an outer layer of fibrous tissue, middle layer of smooth muscle and elastic tissue and an inner lining called endothelium.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

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Erklärung

Frage 6 von 48

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Arteries have thicker walls than veins to withstand the high pressure of arterial blood.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

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Erklärung

Frage 7 von 48

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The smallest arterioles break up into a number of minute vessels called...

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Capillaries
Veins
Venules

Erklärung

Frage 8 von 48

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Capillary walls consist of a single layer of endothelial cells sitting on a very thin basement membrane.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

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Frage 9 von 48

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Capillary walls consist of a single layer of fibrous tissue sitting on a very thin basement membrane.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

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Frage 10 von 48

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The capillary bed is the site of exchange of substances between the blood and the tissue fluid, which bathes the body cells and, with the exception of those on the skin surface and in the cornea of the eye, every body cell lies close to a capillary.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

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Frage 11 von 48

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In certain places, including the Liver and bone marrow, the capillaries are significantly wider and leakier than normal. These are called Sinusoids and because their walls are incomplete and their lumen is much larger than usual, blood flows through them more slowly under less pressure and can come directly into contact with the cells outside the sinusoid wall. This allows must faster exchange of substances between the blood and the tissues.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

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Erklärung

Frage 12 von 48

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Capillary refill - when the skin is pressed firmly with a finger, which turns white because the blood in the capillaries under the finger has been squeezed out. A prolonged capillary refill time can suggest poor perfusion or dehydration.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

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Erklärung

Frage 13 von 48

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Veins return blood at ❌ pressure to the heart. The walls of the veins are ❌ than arteries but have the same three layers of ❌. They are thinner because there is less ❌ in the ❌ as veins carry blood at a lower pressure than ❌.

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low

thinner

tissue

muscle and elastic tissue

tunica media

arteries

Erklärung

Frage 14 von 48

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Some veins possess valves, which prevent backflow of blood, ensuring that it flows towards the heart.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

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Frage 15 von 48

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❌ are abundant in the veins of the limbs, especially the ❌ where blood must travel a considerable distance against ❌ when the individual is ❌.

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Valves

lower limbs

gravity

standing

Erklärung

Frage 16 von 48

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Vascular capacitance refers to degree of active constriction of vessels (mainly veins) which affects return of blood to the heart and thus cardiac output.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

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Erklärung

Frage 17 von 48

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Veins are called ❌ because they are distensible, and therefore have the capacity to hold a ❌ of the body's blood. At any one time, about ❌ of the body's blood is in the venous system. This allows the vascular system to absorb sudden changes in blood ❌.

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capacitance vessels

large proportion

two-thirds

volume

Erklärung

Frage 18 von 48

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At any one time, about one-third of the body's blood is in the venous system. This allows the vascular system to absorb sudden changes in blood volume.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

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Erklärung

Frage 19 von 48

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Thin-walled blood vessels receive oxygen and nutrients via....

Wähle eine der folgenden:

diffusion from the blood passing through them
osmosis of the plasma

Erklärung

Frage 20 von 48

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The smooth muscle of the tunica media of veins and arteries is supplied by nerves of the autonomic nervous system. These nerves arise from the ....

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Medulla Oblongata and they change the diameter of blood vessels controlling the volume of blood they contain.
Hypothalamus and they change the diameter of blood vessels controlling the volume of blood they contain.

Erklärung

Frage 21 von 48

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Blood vessel diameter is regulated by the smooth muscle of the tunica media, which is supplied by sympathetic nerves of the autonomic nervous system.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

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Erklärung

Frage 22 von 48

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Constant adjustment of blood vessel diameter helps to regulate peripheral resistance of systemic blood pressure.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

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Frage 23 von 48

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Oxygen is carried from the lungs to the tissues in combination with ....

Wähle eine der folgenden:

haemoglobin as oxyhaemoglobin.
plasma through diffusion.

Erklärung

Frage 24 von 48

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Blood transports carbon dioxide to the lungs for excretion by three different mechanisms:

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

dissolved in the water of the blood plasma - 7%
in chemical combination with sodium in the form of sodium bicarbonate - 70%
remainder in combination with haemoglobin - 23%
dissolved in the peripheral blood in nutrients - 7%

Erklärung

Frage 25 von 48

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The ❌ including glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins and mineral salts required by all body cells are transported round the body in the ❌. They ❌ through the ❌ capillary walls in the tissues. Water exchanges ❌ between the plasma and tissue fluid by osmosis.

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nutrients

blood plasma

diffuse

semi-permeable

freely

Erklärung

Frage 26 von 48

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The two main forces determining overall fluid movement across the capillary wall are the ❌ (blood pressure), which tends to push fluid ❌ of the blood stream, and the ❌ of the blood, which tends to ❌ back in, and is due mainly to the prescence of plasma proteins, especially albumin.

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hydrostatic pressure

out

osmotic pressure

pull it

Erklärung

Frage 27 von 48

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The ❌ lies in the ❌ cavity in the ❌ (the space between the lungs). It lies ❌, a little more to the ❌ than the ❌, and presents a base ❌, and an apex ❌.

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Heart

thoracic

mediastinum

obliquely

left

right

above

below

Erklärung

Frage 28 von 48

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The heart wall is composed of three layers of tissue -

Wähle eine der folgenden:

pericardium, myocardium and endocardium
pericardium, capillaries and endocardium

Erklärung

Frage 29 von 48

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The ❌ is the ❌ layer and is made up of ❌ sacs. The outer sac (the ❌ pericardium) consists of ❌ and the inner (the ❌ pericardium) of a continuous double layer of ❌.

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Pericardium

outermost

two

fibrous

fibrous tissue

serous

serous membrane

Erklärung

Frage 30 von 48

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The Myocardium is composed of specialised cardiac muscle found only in the heart. It is striated, like skeletal muscle, but it is not under voluntary control.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

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Erklärung

Frage 31 von 48

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Endocardium lines the ❌ of the heart. It is a thin, smooth ❌ to ensure ❌ of blood through the heart. It consists of ❌ and it is continuous with the endothelium lining the ❌.

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chambers and valves

membrane

smooth flow

endothelial cells

blood vessels

Erklärung

Frage 32 von 48

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The heart is divided into a right and left side by the septum, a partition consisting of myocardium covered by endocardium.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

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Frage 33 von 48

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Each side of the heart is divided by an atrioventricular valve into the upper atrium and the ventricle below.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

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Erklärung

Frage 34 von 48

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Each side of the heart is divided by an ❌ into the upper ❌ and the ❌ below.
The right atrioventricular valve is called the ❌, and the left atrioventricular valve is called the ❌.

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atrioventricular valve

atrium

tricuspid valve

mitral valve

ventricle

Erklärung

Frage 35 von 48

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Each side of the heart is divided by an atrioventricular valve into the upper atrium and the ventricle below.
The right atrioventricular valve is called the tricuspid valve, and the left atrioventricular valve is called the mitral valve.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

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Erklärung

Frage 36 von 48

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The valves between the atria and ventricles open and close passively according to changes in pressure in the chambers. They open when the pressure in the atria is greater than that in the ventricles.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

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Erklärung

Frage 37 von 48

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The valves between the atria and ventricles open and close ❌ according to changes in pressure in the ❌. They open when the pressure in the atria is ❌ than that in the ventricles.

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passively

chambers

greater

Erklärung

Frage 38 von 48

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The two largest veins of the body, the superior and inferior vena cava, empty their contents into the right atrium.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

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Erklärung

Frage 39 von 48

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Blood passes through the ❌ into the ❌, and from there is pumped into the ❌. The opening of the ❌ Artery is guarded by the ❌, which prevents the ❌ of blood into the right ventricle when the ventricular muscle ❌,
After leaving the heart, the pulmonary artery divides into left and right pulmonary artieries, which carry the ❌ to the lungs where exchanges of gases take place: ❌ is excreted and ❌ is absorbed.

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Right Atrioventricular valve

carbon dioxide

oxygen

Right Ventricle

Pulmonary Artery

Pulmonary

Pulmonary Valve

backflow

relaxes

venous blood

Erklärung

Frage 40 von 48

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The vagus nerve supplies mainly the SA and AV nodes and atrial muscle.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

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Erklärung

Frage 41 von 48

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❌ nerves supply the SA and AV ❌ and the ❌ of atria and ventricles, and stimulation increases the ❌ of the heartbeat.

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Sympathetic

nodes

myocardium

rate and force

Erklärung

Frage 42 von 48

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At rest, the healthy adult heart is likely to beat at a rate of

Wähle eine der folgenden:

60-80 beats per minute
40-80 beats per minute

Erklärung

Frage 43 von 48

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Stages of the cardiac cycle -
1. ❌ - contraction of the atria
2. ❌ - contraction of the ventricles
3. ❌ - relaxation of the atria and ventricles

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Atrial Systole

Ventricular systole

Complete cardiac diastole

Erklärung

Frage 44 von 48

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A faster heart rate is called ❌

A slower heart rate is ❌

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Tachycardia

Bradycardia

Erklärung

Frage 45 von 48

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The cardiac output is the amount of blood ejected from each ventricle every minute.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

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Frage 46 von 48

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The ❌ is the amount of blood ejected from each ventricle every minute.

The amount expelled by each contraction of each ventricle is the ❌.

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cardiac output

stroke volume

Erklärung

Frage 47 von 48

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❌ = ❌ x Heart Rate

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Cardiac input

Stroke Volume

Erklärung

Frage 48 von 48

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The stroke volume is determined by the volume of blood in the ventricles immediately before they contract.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

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	Erstellt von Jessica Bulley vor mehr als 5 Jahre