Diabetic Retinopathy

What are the risk factors for diabetic retinopathy?

What is the first sign of diabetic retinopathy?

Describe the initial pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.

What pathology is the direct result of this leakage of plasma?

What are the consequences of chronic retinal ischaemia?

What are the classifications of diabetic retinpathy?

Describe the pathologies seen in background diabetic retinopathy.

Describe the pathologies seen in pre-proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

What is meant by the 4-2-1 rule of pre-proliferative diabetic retinopathy?

Describe the pathologies seen in proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

What is the appropriate treatment for proliferative diabetic retinopathy?

Describe the pathology seen in diabetic maculopathy.

When does NPDR usually manifest?

Describe the appearance of exudates.

Describe the appearance of cotton wool spots.

What are some late complications of PDR?

What is focal diabetic maculopathy?

What is diffuse diabetic maculopathy?

What is ischaemic diabetic maculopathy?