182. Which of the following definitions refers to osmotic pressure?
a) the pressure exerted by the solute particles on a semipermeable membrane, due to their thermal motion;
b) the pressure exerted on a semipermeable membrane from the solvent particles, due to their thermalmotion;
c) the pressure that proteins of blood plasma apply onto the walls of capillaries.
183. What is the necessary condition for ion diffusion across a semipermeable membrane?
a) energy supplied from ATP molecules;
b) concentration gradient across the membrane;
c) electrical gradient across the membrane.
184. When placed in the following type of solution, cells will retain water and will inflate:
a) isotonic solution;
b) hypotonic solution;
c) hypertonic solution.
This scientist have contributed to the laws of diffusion:
a) Paul Dirac;
b) Adolf Fick;
c) Fridtj of Nansen.
When placed in the following type of solution, cells will lose water and will shrink:
Which of the following is a necessary condition for stopping osmosis?
a) when the pressure of the solute molecules on the semipermeable membrane is equal to the pressure exerted by the water molecules on the other side of the membrane;
b) when the pressure from the protein molecules on the semipermeable membrane is equal to the pressure exerted by the water molecules on the other side of the membrane;
c) when the pressure on the membrane from the small solute molecules in the intracellular space is equal to the pressure from the protein molecules.
188. What type of membrane transport is the osmosis:
a) active;
b) passive;
c) facilitated.
189. Vasogenic cerebral edema is characterized by:
a) inflation of the extracellular spaces;
b) inflation of the intracellular spaces;
c) vasodilation of cerebral vessels.
190. The isotonic factor of Van’t Hoff for non-electrolytes is:
a) 0;
b) 1;
c) 2
191. Which of the following is a necessary condition for osmosis?
a) a non-permeable membrane;
b) a semi-permeable membrane;
c) ATP energy source.
192. For a given temperature, solutions with equal concentrations will have equal osmotic pressure. These solutions are called:
a) isotonic;
b) hypertonic;
c) hypotonic
193. Relative to the blood, physiological solution with 0.9% of NaCl is:
a) hypertonic;
b) isotonic;
c) hypotonic.
194. Which of the following factors do not have an effect on osmotic pressure?
a) the concentration of solutes;
b) the type of solutes;
c) the temperature of solutes.
195. Cytotoxic cerebral edema is characterised by:
c) loss of water.
196. Passive membrane transport of uncharged particles is driven by:
a) electrical gradient
b) concentration gradient
c) temperature gradient
197. Osmosis is defined as:
a) an active transport of solvent molecules across a semipermeable membrane from area of low concentration into area of high concentration;
b) a passive transport of solvent molecules across a semipermeable membrane from area of higher concentration into an area of lower concentration;
c) an active transport of solute molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low concentration into an area of high concentration.
198. The following equation describes:
a) Fick’s law of diffusion;
b) Van’t Hoff law of osmosis;
c) Nernst equation.
199. The directed motion of solute particles, leading to equalization of concentrations across a permeable membrane, without the use of external forces is:
a) osmosis;
b) diffusion;
c) reabsorption
200. What cause the end of net ion diffusion across the membrane?
a) equalisation of ion concentrations on both sides of the membrane;
b) heating up of the less concentrated solution;
c) engaging of membrane co-transport.
201. What are the two types of membrane transport according to the energy requirements?
a) diffusion and osmoses;
b) passive transport an facilitated diffusion;
c) passive and active transport.
202. Which of the following membrane transports is NOT passive?
a) aquaporins;
b) ion channels;
c) ion pumps.
Osmosis across semipermeable membrane occurs due to:
a) difference in hydrostatic pressure;
b) different concentrations of solute;
c) different volume of solvent.
Transport across the cellular membrane without direct use of metabolic energy is called:
a) passive transport;
b) active transport;
c) secondary active transport
Higher (than normal) intracellular concentration of Na+ will lead to:
a) water moving into the cell;
b) water moving out of the cell;
c) potassium moving into the cell.
Which of the following equations refers to Osmotic pressure (per Van’t Hoff): Where: C-concentration, R-gas constant, T-temperature, V-volume, M-mass.
a) π = CTV;
b) π = MTV;
c) π = CRT.
