Amino Acids 1A (BC/OC)

Frage 1 von 13

1

What is an amino acid?

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a simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl (—COO-) and an amino (—NH3+) group.
a simple organic compound containing both a carboxylic acid (—COOH) and nitrile (—CN) group.
a simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl (—COO) and an ester (—COOR) group.

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Frage 2 von 13

1

Is the image shown the correct basic structure for an amino acid?

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Yes
No
Maybe

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Frage 3 von 13

1

There are 21 essential amino acids that the body utilizes, some books say 20 because the 21st was recently discovered. Why are amino acids so important?

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They serve as the most basic building blocks to proteins?
They are comprised of proteins?
They fight diseases in an immune response?
Who really knows?

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Frage 4 von 13

1

All 21 eukaryotic proteinogenic amino acids share a common backbone structure, since this structure is common, what is it that makes each amino acid unique?

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The -R group that is attached to the alpha carbon?
How each amino acid bonds to another amino acid when forming a protein?
It's Pka value?

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Frage 5 von 13

1

What is the significance of the alpha carbon on proteinogenic amino acids?

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The alpha carbon is where the amino acid connects to other amino acids in order to form polymers (Proteins)?
The alpha carbon is a chiral carbon (with the exception of leucine) that attaches to the -R group?
The alpha carbon is a chiral carbon that attaches to the -R group, the amino group, a hydrogen and a carboxylic acid?

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Frage 6 von 13

1

What does chirality mean?

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Chirality means that a molecule can rotate polarized light and has optical activity because it is attached to four different functional groups. It also refers to its symmetry on a chiral carbon and that if a 3D version is reflected in a mirror, its image in non superimposable.
Chirality means that the chiral carbon is the most important carbon in reactiveness for the molecule and that its mirror image is superimposable.
Chirality means that a molecule only has one alpha carbon.

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Frage 7 von 13

1

What is the conjugate base for Carboxylic acid? -COOH

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-CO
-OOH
-COO (-)

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Frage 8 von 13

1

What do the horizontal lines represent? what do the vertical lines represent? what does the "L" and "D" represent?

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The horizontal lines represent constituent bonds that are coming out of the plane of the page towards the viewer. The vertical lines represent bonds between carbon atoms that are going into the plane of the page away from the viewer. The "L" and "D" stand for levorotatory (Left) and dextrorotatory (Right).
The horizontal lines represent constituent bonds that are going into the plane of the page away from the viewer. The vertical lines represent bonds between carbon atoms that are coming out of the plane of the page towards the viewer. The "L" and "D" stand for levorotatory (Left) and dextrorotatory (Right).

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Frage 9 von 13

1

Of all of the proteinogenic amino acids that the human body utilizes, which amino acid is not chiral?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

Glycine
L-Alanine
L-Lysine
L-Valine
L-Glycine

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Frage 10 von 13

1

What do the "L" and "D" designation of amino acids represent? Why is this designation significant?

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The "L" means levorotary and stands for left. Molecules that are of the L designation means that they will rotate a beam of polarized light to the left if projected into solution of L molecules. The "R" designation means dextrorotary and stand for right. Molecules that are of the R designation will turn a beam of polarized light to the right if projected into a solution of R molecules. The L and D designation is significant in protein synthesis because the body only uses "L" AA's.
The "L" means levorotary and stands for left. Molecules that are of the L designation means that they will rotate a beam of polarized light to the left if projected into solution of L molecules. The "R" designation means dextrorotary and stand for right. Molecules that are of the R designation will turn a beam of polarized light to the right if projected into a solution of R molecules. The L and D designation is significant in protein synthesis because the body only uses "D" AA's.

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Frage 11 von 13

1

Review: Looking at the photo of C6H14, what are structural isomers (aka: constitutional isomers)?

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A structural isomer is the least similar of all isomerism. They only share the same molecular formula and therefor have the same molecular weight of other structural isomers. Aside from that, there spatial arrangement and connectivity are completely different from molecule to molecule.
A structural isomer is the most similar of all isomerism. They share the same molecular formula and therefor have the same molecular weight of other structural isomers. This means they also have similar chemical properties that will be common in how they react with other molecules.
A structural isomer is the written representation of a molecule in line form.
A structural isomer is the least similar of all isomerism. They share the same molecular formula and therefor have the same molecular weight of other structural isomers. This means that they have the same physical properties such as boiling point and melting point.

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Frage 12 von 13

1

Re: What are isomers?

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Same molecular formula, same molecular weight, different structure?
Different molecular formula, same molecular weight, same structure?
Same molecular formula, same molecular weight, same structure?
Same molecular formula, different molecular weight, same structure?

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Frage 13 von 13

1

Review: Looking at the photo, what is Stereoisomerism?

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Stereoisomers are isomeric molecules that have the same molecular formula and sequence of bonded atoms (constitution), that also have the same three-dimensional orientations of their atoms in space.
Two molecules are described as stereoisomers of each other if they are made of the same atoms, connected in the same sequence, but the atoms are positioned differently in space. The difference between two stereoisomers can only be seen when the three dimensional arrangement of the molecules is considered.

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These Topics are from the AAMC outline for the new 2015 MCAT. They are designed to be study aids in memorization and recall. One should review these questions frequently no matter what stage of study.

Amino Acids 1A (BC/OC)

Frage 1 von 13

What is an amino acid?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Erklärung

Frage 2 von 13

Is the image shown the correct basic structure for an amino acid?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Erklärung

Frage 3 von 13

There are 21 essential amino acids that the body utilizes, some books say 20 because the 21st was recently discovered. Why are amino acids so important?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Erklärung

Frage 4 von 13

All 21 eukaryotic proteinogenic amino acids share a common backbone structure, since this structure is common, what is it that makes each amino acid unique?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Erklärung

Frage 5 von 13

What is the significance of the alpha carbon on proteinogenic amino acids?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Erklärung

Frage 6 von 13

What does chirality mean?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Erklärung

Frage 7 von 13

What is the conjugate base for Carboxylic acid? -COOH

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Erklärung

Frage 8 von 13

What do the horizontal lines represent? what do the vertical lines represent? what does the "L" and "D" represent?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Erklärung

Frage 9 von 13

Of all of the proteinogenic amino acids that the human body utilizes, which amino acid is not chiral?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

Erklärung

Frage 10 von 13

What do the "L" and "D" designation of amino acids represent? Why is this designation significant?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Erklärung

Frage 11 von 13

Review: Looking at the photo of C6H14, what are structural isomers (aka: constitutional isomers)?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Erklärung

Frage 12 von 13

Re: What are isomers?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Erklärung

Frage 13 von 13

Review: Looking at the photo, what is Stereoisomerism?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

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