Which micro-organisms are the most common cause of infectious endocarditis:
Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aerigunosa, Citrobacter spp.
Bartonella, Brucella, Coxiella
staphylococci, Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus
Group A streptococci, Staphylococci aureus - MRSA, Escherichia coli
Viridans streptococci, staphylococci, enterococci, bacteria group Haček
The infective endocarditis is characterized by:
vegetation often occurs at the point where the pressure is higher (at the chamber side of the mitral valve, the aortic side of the aortic valve)
mature vegetation consisting of cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and inflammatory cells of the bacterium
cerebral embolism may occur in more than 2/3 of patients
the native Valve is a frequent obstruction due to vegetation
Endocarditis is reflected by vegetation on the valves, abscesses in the field of valves and valve perforation
What are the main clinical diagnostic criteria for infective endocarditis (under the scheme Duke):
Ultrasound evidence of endocardial involvement (vegetation, abscess)
Oslerjevi nodules
positive blood culture
major arterial embolism
artificial cardiac valve
Typical laboratory findings in infectious endocarditis are:
Leukocytopenia
microscopic hematuria
erythrocyte sedimentation rate slowed
elevated CRP
Janeway lesions
Infectious endocarditis caused by streptococcus viridans treated:
penicillin G intravenously for 4 weeks; the first 14 days an additional aminoglycoside
with azithromycin, 5 days orally
with a combination of ampksicilin / clavulanic acid, for 14 days orally
with a combination of ampksicilin / clavulanic acid, for 14 days intravenously
penicillin G intravenously in combination with an aminoglycoside, for 14 days
In the case where the surgery is at risk patients require antibiotic prophylaxis against infective endocarditis:
dental surgery on gums
liver biopsy
coronary angiography
drainage of abscess
tonsillectomy
What is the recommended antibiotic scheme for prevention of infectious endocarditis in high-risk surgery:
amoxicillin 2 g orally 1 hour prior to surgery
amoxicillin 1 g intravenously 3g before and 3 hours after the procedure
amoxicillin + clavulanate 1g 1g before and 12 hours after surgery
azithromycin 500 mg 1 day before and 2 days after surgery
imipenem 500 mg intravenously during surgery
What is characteristic of rheumatic fever:
is the result of direct damage to the heart due to the toxin secreted by betahemolitični group A streptococci
rheumatoid arthritis treated with high-dose acetylsalicylic acid
rheumatoid carditis treated with steroids
the acute phase is characterized by a migratory polyarthritis
only affects endocardial
The most common cause of infectious endocarditis are:
Gram-positive cocci
intracellular bacteria
kardiotropni viruses
fungi
gram-negative bacilli
Circle the correct arguments, valid for infective endocarditis:
by transthoracic ultrasound of the heart may be with full confidence exclude infective endocarditis
where in the context of infectious endocarditis affected aorta valve is needed as soon as possible surgical valve replacement
the treatment with antibiotics is required at least 4 weeks
endocarditis can not cause valve regurgitation
streptococcal endocarditis treated with monotherapy with aminoglycosides
Select operations which is for people who have a history of endocarditis requires antibiotic protection:
cleaning of tartar
the insertion of a central venous catheter
tooth extraction
abscess incision
The vegetation in infectious endocarditis occurring:
For healthy and more frequently, the modified native Valve
The valve prosthesis
Only the previously modified Valve
On the atrial side of the mitral valve and aortic valve chamber side
At the site of the defect in the heart, where the pressure is lower
Echocardiography "major" criteria for infective endocarditis are:
Prior rheumatic valvular defects
The emergence of new valvular regurgitation in native or prosthetic valves
Oscillating weight in subvalvular appliance valve
Oscillating weight at shutter
Prior infectious endocarditis
antibiotic protection against endocarditis against tampering with the possible bacteremia is needed:
In all patients who have ever had an operation on the heart
In all patients with prosthetic valves
In all patients with aortic and / or mitral heart defect
In patients after surgical revascularization of the heart
Only patients who have a history of endocarditis
