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The breast lymph nodes (the axillary lymph nodes) are divided into
two anatomic levels
three anatomic levels
four anatomic levels
five anatomic levels
none of the above
Premenstrual cyclic mastalgia with pain and tenderness of the breast are common symptoms of
breast cancer
breast fibroadenoma
acute mastitis
fibrocystic disease
Hypertrophy of breast tissue in men is called
galactocele
filoid tumor
gynecomastia
mastaigia
Milk-filled cyst of the breast that occurs up to 6 to 10 months after breastfeeding has ceased is called
phyllodes tumor
Peau d’orange (skin of the orange) is a typical feature of
inflammatory breast carcinoma
all of the above
Dermatitis (eczematoid, moist or dry and psoriatic) that involves the nipple and the areola is strongly suggestive of
Acute mastitis
Galactocele
Retroareolar abscess
Fibrocystic disease
Paget’s disease (intraductal carcinoma)
The recommended breast cancer screening method for women older than 40 years is
Breast ultrasonography
Mammography
MRI
CT scan
Fine-needle biopsy
Which of the following is a risk factor for developing breast cancer?
lack of breast feeding
nulliparity
genetic predisposition (BRCAL and BRCA2 carriers)
tobacco smoking
Firm and smooth breast mass that is easily movable, well-encapsulated and occur before the age of 30 years is suggestive of
fibroadenoma
breast abscess
Patient with clinical findings suggestive of fibroadenoma requires
observation
hormonal treatment
fine-needle aspiration and/or surgical excision
mastectomy
Fever, leukocytosis, erythema, and breast tenderness that occur after starting breastfeeding are strongly suggestive of
The most common histological type of the breast carcinoma is
invasive lobular carcinoma (IDL)
invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC)
lobular carcinoma in situ (LOIS)
ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
Which of the following receptors are expressed by the cells of the breast cancer?
estrogene receptor (ER)
progesterone receptor (PR)
human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2)
The radical surgical treatment of breast cancer (tumor size bigger than 3 cm) consists of
breast conservation surgery
mastectomy plus axillary/sentinel lymph node dissection
chemotherapy
Which of the following tumor markers is used for monitoring advanced breast cancer?
Ca 15-3
Ca 19-9
PSA
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
All of the above
The most common breast cancer metastasis sites are
the bones and the lungs
the skin
the stomach and the colon
the liver and the pancreas
The most common site of the breast carcinoma is
lower outer quadrant
lower inner quadrant
upper outer quadrant
upper inner quadrant
Which of the following surgical methods is used for treatment of breast carcinoma?
breast conserving surgery plus axillary lymph node dissection
mastectomy plus axillary lymph node dissection
breast conserving surgery plus sentinel lymph node dissection
mastectomy plus sentinel lymph node dissection
