The reflex arc of patellar (knee) reflex includes
Intercostal T1-T2 Nerves
Genitofemoral Nerve
Femoral Nerve
Tibial Nerve
Central part at level L3-L4
Lemniscal (dorsal column) system relays impulses concerning
Touch
Skin Temperature
Vibratory Sense
Pain
Joint Sensation
Upper motor neuron lesion includes
Muscle atrophy
Weakness
Fasciculations
Decreased tendon reflexes
Spastic tone
Rigidity results from
Upper motor neuron lesion
From disease of basal ganglia
Lower motor neuron lesion
Cerebellar lesion
Spinal cord lesion
Which of the following signs are signs of cerebellar dysfunction
Scanning speech
Ataxia
Hemisensory loss
Dysmetria
Muscular hypertonia
Injury of the radial nerve is characterized by
Loss of the biceps reflex
Wrist drop, paralysis of all extensor muscles
Loss of the triceps reflex
Atrophy of the muscles of hypothenar
Bitemporal heteronymous hemianopia is caused by
Lesions of the left or right optic tract
Lesions of the lateral portions of the chiasm
Lesions of the center of the chiasm
Damage of the upper lip of the calcarine fissure
Lesions of the optic radiation
Syndrome of the posterior tracts causes
Loss of sensation for position and vibration
Lancinating pain in corresponding dermatome
Bilateral dissociated sensory disorder
Spastic paraparesis
Syndrome of elevated intracranial pressure includes
Visual hallucinations
Headache
Deterioration in level of consciousness
Nausea
Tachycardia
Temporal Lobe Syndrome may include
Sensory (Wernicke) aphasia
Complex partial states
Moria syndrome
Cortical deafness
Motor aphasia
Which of the following reflexes are pathological
Sucking Reflex
Mandibular Reflex
Nasal labial Reflex
Pharyngeal Reflex
Babinski Reflex
The Spinothalamic tract consists of
Four Neurons
Five Neurons
Three Neurons
Two Neurons
Six Neurons
Lower motor neuron lesion includes
Rigidity
Hyperkinesias
Muscle hypertonus
The striatum has a high concentration of
Dopamine
Serotonin
Acethylcholine
Norepinephrine
Enkephaline
Romberg’s test is a test for detection of
Locomotor ataxia
Latent hemiparesis
Asynergia
Dynamic ataxia
Static ataxia
Injury of ulnar nerve is characterized by
Atrophy of the interossei muscles
Ulnar claw
Loss of ability to pronate the forearm
Atrophy of the hypothenar muscles
Binasal heteronymous hemianopia is caused by
Syndrome of complete transection of the spinal cord in the upper thoracic cord (Th1-Th6) produces
Quadriplegia
Anesthesia of all sensory modalities distally to the level of the lesion
Flaccid paralysis of the upper limbs
Spastic paralysis of the lower limbs
Retention of urine and feces
Syndrome of meningeal irritation includes
Cervical Rigidity (Neck stiffness)
Photophobia
Occipital Lobe Syndrome may include
Visual agnosia
Motor Aphasia
Homonymous hemianopia
Jacksonian focal epilepsy
Which of the following reflexes are tendon
Plantar
Patellar (knee)
Pharyngeal
Abdominal
Mandibular
Th4 dermatome is situated
Laterally to the Xyphoid Process
In Groin
On the Nipple line
Laterally to the Umbilicus
On the axilla and over the clavicle
The main clinical findings of the Parkinson syndrome are
Intention tremor
Postural instability (abnormal gait and posture)
Hyperkinesia
Static tremor
If the patient is equally unstable with eyes open and closed, Romberg’s test:
Is positive
Absence of dynamic ataxia
Shows normal neurological condition
Is negative
Absence of static ataxia
Injury of the median nerve is characterized by
Weakness of flexion of the wrist
Development of the “benediction attitude”
Atrophy of the thenar muscles
A complete lesion of the oculomotor nerve produces
Convergent strabismus
Ptosis
Divergent strabismus
Miosis
Dilated pupil
Syndrome of complete transection of the spinal cord in the lower cervical cord (C5-C8) produces
Anesthesia of all sensory modalities distally of the level of the lesion
Flaccid paralysis of lower limbs
Parietal Lobe Syndrome may include
Syndrome of apathy and abulia
Jacksonian sensory epilepsy
Moria Syndrome
Which of the following disorder(s) represent qualitative reflex changes
Reflex asymmetry
Pathological reflexes
Areflexia
Enlargement of the reflexogenic zone
Increase of the reflex response
Which of the following sensory signs are positive
Hyperesthesia
Analgesia
Paresthesia
Thermoanesthesia
Internal capsule lesion can cause
Contralateral hemianopia
Ipsilateral spastic hemiplegia
Contralateral flaccid hemiplegia
Contralateral paralysis of facial muscles innervated by facial and hypoglossal nerves
Ipsilateral hemisensory loss
Hemiparesis
Muscular hypotonia
Which of the following tests are for detection of dynamic ataxia
Finger-nose test
Mingazzini- test
Heel-shin test
Difficulty of adequate separation of the thumb and index finger
Loss of triceps reflex
Sensory loss in the characteristic distribution on palmar and dorsal surface of the hand
A complete lesion of the trochlear nerve causes
Double vision
Syndrome of complete transection of the spinal cord in the lower thoracic cord (Th7-Th12) produces
Spastic paralysis of lower limbs
The sensory syndrome of the posterior root combines
Dissociated sensory disorder
Painful reddening vesicules in the affected dermatome
Complete or partial sensory loss in the affected dermatomes
Root pain
Contralateral hemisensory loss
Contralateral spastic hemiplegia
Ipsilateral flaccid hemiplegia
Injury of the femoral nerve is characterized by
Loss of ankle reflex
Weakness of flexion of the thigh
Loss of patellar (knee) reflex
Loss of ability to flex and extend the foot at the ankle
Paralysis (or paresis) of extension in knee joints, atrophy and hypotony of quadriceps muscles
A complete lesion of the abducens nerve causes
