Gout, sero-negative arthoropathies etc

Gout is a condition in which?
It is an inflammatory arthritis.

It is intensely painful. The typical site is?
But it can also occur in the ?

It most commonly affects ..........
And an attack will usually begin at?
There is .......................history

There is a sudden onset of ........., ................., ............................, and ................movement in the foot or ankle.

What is the name given to chalky white deposits of monosodium urate?

Where can they occur? 5

Most commonly found in?

Tophi can? 3

Intra-articular tophi are associated with?

They usually take about ....years to form after the initial attack.

Risk factors 8 plus

Four stages of gout?

Classic gout/acute 'gouty arthritis' affects the 1st MTPJ, ankle and distal IPJ

It starts as a ....... ............. and builds usually in .... hours ant there is extreme pain
The joint is?
Weightbearing is?
It is associated with mild?
It may last a few days or weeks.
It subsides leaving a normal joint.
It is usually followed by further attacks.

Chronic tophaceous gout
Urate crystals collect in?
They enlarge to form?
Tophi are often found in ?
Chalky white contents are visible through the ...... and often .............
Which type of involvement normally co-exists?

Diagnosis - 7

Differential diagnosis

Management (Conservative) - 6

Pharmacological - 4

Podiatric management 8

The Acute Hot Joint - what are you looking for and what do you do?

Causes of acute hot joint

Septic arthritis is a serious infection of the ?
Characterised by? 6

It is considered a medical emergency because of the damage it causes to ? And its potential for creating?

Risk factors include age and having which conditions?

• It most commonly affects .............................joints,
The 1st ..... and 1st..... joints are most
commonly affected.

Septic arthritis must be diagnosed quickly and treated with IV antibiotics.

Sero-negative arthropathies. Sero-negative is absence of?

Seronegative arthritis' include?

Classification

Ankylosing spondylitis

Sites commonly involved in enthesitis?

Occurs predominantly in young?
Around 90% of European caucasians with AS possess which gene?
AS tends to occur in?
The most likely trigger is?

Symptoms

Treatment - 9

The foot in AS - sites involved?
Implications for podiatrists?
Management with?

Psoriatic arthritis
The exact cause is unknown, although the trigger could be an ?
Psoriasis usually precedes the arthritis.
It commonly affects small joints of .................. and ................
It involves DIPJ AND PIPJ which give the toes a ?
There are nail changes.

Diagnosis

Swelling of ?

Studies show that the arthritis occurs for the first time within a matter of months of the onset of the skin complaint in the majority of cases.

PSA in the foot characterised by?
Forefoot deformities?

Management - drugs

Reiter's syndrome usually follows?
It's a triad of?
Commonest cause of?

Reiter’s clinical features 6

Reactive arthritis is an .......................arthritis

It usually follows a .....or......infection, so it is not caused by an active infection.

A limited form of Reiter's syndrome
Can also be caused by chlamydia

The joints become inflamed because the immune system, when reacting to the infection somehow causes an inflammatory reaction in the?

Clinical features

Enteropathic arthritis is arthritis which may accompany ?

Summary of sero-negs

Hypermobility may result from?

Hypermobility in the lower limb

Scleroderma is a connective tissue disease.
It mainly affects........... It may be triggered by?

Scleroderma results in ?
It is an ...............condition.

What phenomenon is seen in 90-95% of patients?

There is diffuse...................of hands and feet (non-pitting oedema)

Ulceration is common.

3 main groups

Limited (CREST)

Diffuse

Morphea

Systemic lupus

Symptoms

Vasculitis

Occurs as feature of?

Osteoarthritis

Symptoms

Management