Matter CANNOT be a mixture, it can obly be a pure substance
Substances have and
COMPOUNDS ELEMENTS( COMPOUNDS, ELEMENTS ) are substances made of only one kind of atom; can't be chemically changed/separated
COMPOUNDS ELEMENTS( COMPOUNDS, ELEMENTS ) formed when atoms of two or more elements combine chemically
- aka solutions - Uniform properties within the sample - Appear as only one phase
- Non-uniform properties - Components usually separate into distinct regions - e.g. suspensions and colloids
COLLOIDS SUSPENSIONS( COLLOIDS, SUSPENSIONS ) - Mixtures whose parts havd enough weight diff. - Easily separate by decantation
COLLOIDS SUSPENSIONS( COLLOIDS, SUSPENSIONS ) - Mixtures that appear fo be homogenous - Exhbits Tyndall Effect - Sometimes appear cloudy
What do you call this effect?
Which mixture is a solution?
A 50:50 mixture of ethyl alcohol and water
Carbonated water in fizzy drinks
Copper and tin in bronze
All of the above
The state of the solution is not dependent on the state of the solvent
SOLUTE SOLVENT( SOLUTE, SOLVENT ) is the dissolved substance
SOLUTE SOLVENT( SOLUTE, SOLVENT ) is the dissolving medium
SATURATION CONCENTRATION UNSATURATED SOLUTION SUPERSATURATED SOLUTION SATURATED SOLUTION( SATURATION CONCENTRATION, UNSATURATED SOLUTION, SUPERSATURATED SOLUTION, SATURATED SOLUTION ) is the extent of Solubility
Factors affecting solubility:
Nature of Solute and Solvent
Temperature
Pressure
Stirring/Agitiation
Size of Solute (Surface Area)
Nature of Solute and Solvent: Nonpolar Solvents dissolve Polar & Ionic Solutes
Temperature: Gasses occupy more space when temperature is increades making it harder to mix w/ the solvent
Pressure: Law states that solubility of a gas increases with partial pressure of the gas above the liquid >> pressure makes the solvent dissolve the compressed solute easier
Factors affecting dissolution:
Stirring/Agitation
Size of Solute/Surface Area
is the relative amt of solute contained in a solution
What are reactive solutions?
Acids
Bases
- pH > 7 and pOH < 7 - usually tastes bitter - turns red litmus paper blue - aqueous oxides of metals are usually this
- pH < 7 and pOH > 7 - blue litmus paper -> red - aqueous oxides of nonmetals are usually this
The lower the pH (potential of Hydrogen), the more acidic the solution is
- type of double displacement reaction wherein the products of the acid and the base are H2O and salt (an ionic compound)
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