Length of crutch:

______ of elbow flexion is desirable for crutch using.

A Lofstrand (forearm) crutch should cover ________ of the proximal forearm or ________ below the elbow.

What type of crutches can be used for stair-climbing?

Which nerves and blood vessels are the most prone to compression injury if a person uses axillary crutches

A patient has bilateral LE involvement due to spina bifida and uses axillary crutches to ambulate. Which step pattern do you recommend?

Cane measurement:

Where should the drive wheels of the WC be for an amputee to accommodate for the change in center of weight?

If a patient is hemiplegic and has weak RLE and RUE, how should the w/c be designed to accommodate?

Patient fitting for w/c/ has back extensor spasm. Which feature will you recommend?

Patient with C5 injury and quadriplegia is unable to maintain upright trunk. How should you modify the backrest?

Your patient is obese and requires a w/c fitting.
Recommend the tire, backrest and other features to maximize safety and comfort.

Maximal BWS when gait training.

Starting and weaning method for BWS system gait training.

What is the three-point principle for orthotics?

Foot orthosis recommendation:
leg length discrepancy.

Foot orthosis recommendation:
Limited DF.

Foot orthosis recommendation:
Pes planus.

Foot orthosis recommendation:
Metatarsalgia.

Foot orthosis recommendation:
pronation and flexible pes valgus

Foot orthosis recommendation:
genu varum or flexible pes varus.

Foot orthosis recommendation:
Forefoot varus

Foot orthosis recommendation:
Forefoot valgus

Foot orthosis recommendation:
weak or inflexible foot that lacks forward propulsion.

What feature helps to limit knee recurvatum in stance and toe drag during swing phase?

What pathological gait pattern can be prevented by a DF stop (anterior stop)?

Which feature in the KAFO helps extend the knee and stabilize the knee during early stance?

Contraindication for an offset joint.

A specialized orthoses for children with T9-12 SCI.

Who should avoid heel lifts and rocker bars?

Possible reason for the following orthotic gait deviation:
Lateral trunk bending. (leaning towards the orthotic side).

Possible reasons for the following orthotic gait deviation:
Circumduction or vaulting.

Possible reasons for the following orthotic gait deviation:
Anterior trunk bending.

Possible reasons for the following orthotic gait deviation:
Posterior trunk lean

Possible reasons for the following orthotic gait deviation:
Hyperextension of knee.

Possible reasons for the following orthotic gait deviation:
Excessive knee flexion/buckling.

Possible reasons for the following orthotic gait deviation:
Foot slap

Possible reasons for the following orthotic gait deviation:
Toe-first contact

Possible reasons for the following orthotic gait deviation:
Flat foot contact

Possible reasons for the following orthotic gait deviation:
Excessive pronation

Possible reasons for the following orthotic gait deviation:
Excessive supination

Possible reasons for the following orthotic gait deviation:
Wide BoS

Ideal reserved length for amputation:
1. tibia
2. femur

The socks should not exceed ____ ply thickness for proper fitting and weight bearing of the socket.

Pressure sensitive areas when fitting a patellar-tendon-bearing knee socket.

Pressure-tolerant areas when fitting a patellar-tendon-bearing knee socket.

What might be the prosthetic or anatomic causes of the following gait deviation?
Excessive knee flexion upon initial contact.

What might be the prosthetic or anatomic causes of the following gait deviation?
Insufficient knee flexion upon initial contact.

What might be the prosthetic or anatomic causes of the following gait deviation?
excessive lateral thrust

What might be the prosthetic or anatomic causes of the following gait deviation?
excessive medial thrust

What might be the prosthetic or anatomic causes of the following gait deviation?
Early knee flexion (drop off)

What might be the prosthetic or anatomic causes of the following gait deviation?
Delayed knee flexion when walking uphill

What might be the prosthetic or anatomic causes of the following gait deviation for a patient with a transfemoral amputation?
Abduction during stance

What might be the prosthetic or anatomic causes of the following gait deviation for a patient with a transfemoral amputation?
Circumduction

What might be the prosthetic or anatomic causes of the following gait deviation for a patient with a transfemoral amputation?
Lateral bend during stance.

What might be the prosthetic or anatomic causes of the following gait deviation for a patient with a transfemoral amputation?
forward flexion in stance

What might be the prosthetic or anatomic causes of the following gait deviation for a patient with a transfemoral amputation?
lordosis in stance

What might be the prosthetic or anatomic causes of the following gait deviation for a patient with a transfemoral amputation?
Medial whip during heel off

What might be the prosthetic or anatomic causes of the following gait deviation for a patient with a transfemoral amputation?
Foot rotation during heel contact.

What might be the prosthetic or anatomic causes of the following gait deviation for a patient with a transfemoral amputation?
High heel rise during early swing

What might be the prosthetic or anatomic causes of the following gait deviation for a patient with a transfemoral amputation?
Terminal impact during late swing.

Wheel chair measurement:
1. seat width
2. seat depth
3. seat height
4. arm rest height
5. back height