a monosynaptic reflex arc involves one or more interneurons

the knee jerk reflex is an example of a stretch reflex

interneurons are the final common path for all reflexes

withdrawal reflexes are lost following cervical section of spinal cord

none of the above

dorsal root of spinal nerves

dorsal root ganglia of spinal nerves

ventral roots of spinal nerves

none of above

all of the above

alpha motor neurons

pyramidal neurons

gamma motor neurons

granule cells

purkinje cells

static gamma motor neurons

alpha motor neurons

dynamic gamma motor neurons

corticospinal neuron

renshaw cell

type Ia inhibitory interneurons

dynamic gamma motor neurons

alpha motor neurons

type Ib inhibitory interneurons

type II excitatory interneurons

the motor areas of the cortex are situated in the postcentral gyrus

following a cerebral haemorrhage affecting the precentral gyrusof the right hemisphere , the patient feels no sensations on left side of the body

the corticospinal tract provides the only connection between the motor cortical areas and the spinal cord

motor areas of the cortex receive somatosensory input via the thalamus

the premotor cortex is located just posterior to the primary cortex

the lateral to medial sequenc in the somatotopic organization of premotor cortex is the reserve of that seen in the primary motor cortex

stimulation of a small discrete group of neurons in the premotor cortex produces contraction of an individual muscle

stimulation of the premotor cortex does not lead to any muscle activation

the premotor cortex sets the specefic posture required for the limb to produce the desired movement

paralysis of left side of face and left upper extremity

paralysis of left lower extremity

complete loss of vision in both eyes

loss of ability to comprehend speech

loss of vision in left eye

muscle spindle

joint capsule receptor

cutaneous free nerve ending

golgi tendon organ

pacinian corpuscle

quadriplegia

paraplegia

planter reflex

A & B only

None of the above

basket cells evoke excitatory response in purkinje cells

granule cells evoke excitatory response in purkinje cells

golgi cells evoke excitatory response in basket cells

purkinje cells evoke excitatory responses in cerebellar nuclear cells

stellate cells evoke excitatory responses in basket cells

disorder of the basal ganglia produces a marked loss of both sensation and motor control

parkinsonism is caused by neuronal degeneration within the substantia nigra

the globus pallidus projects directly to the cerebral cortex

site of intiation of fine movement

past pointing

intention tremor

dysarthia

cerebellar nystagmus

dysdiadokokinesia

primary afferents arise from nuclear chain fibers only

secondery endings arise from both nuclear bag and nuclear chain

primary afferent belongs to type Ib fibers

primary afferent has the highest conduction velocity in the body

causes relaxation of extrafusal muscle fibers

causes the contraction of intrafusal muscle fibers

makes the muscle spindle more sensitive to stretch

relax the muscle spindle

a , b & c

it originates from the anterior horn

its chronic lesion causes falccid paralysis

fibrellation is common with its lesion

its lesion is associated with clasp-knife pattern of hypertonia

area 4 responsible for planning

area 6 and basal ganglia help in planning

spino-cerebellum helps in planning

lateral cerebellum adjust the ongoing movement

generation of idea occurs in the occibital lobe

activity in the direct pathway results in increased thalamo-cortical activity

dopamine activate the indirect pathway

globus pallidus externa is a part of the direct pathway

acetyl-choline activates the direct pathway

parkinsonism associated with increased activity in the direct pathway

inability to perform rapidly alternating movements

error in the range of movement

lack lack of continuity in the execution of movements

error in the rate , force and direction of movement

weakness

nuclea and ganglia

the limbic system

central pattern generators

dorsal and ventral horns

corticospinal tract