In which of Charles Darwin’s books, did he predict through the new science of psychology “Light will be thrown on man and his history?”
The Selfish Gene
Principles of Psychology
On the Origins of the Species
How the Mind Works
The early roots of psychology are firmly planted in philosophy and:
anatomy.
logic.
dualism.
physiology.
Historians generally credit the official emergence of psychology as a science to:
Broca.
Helmholtz.
Wundt.
Titchener.
Why are mindbugs interesting to psychologists?
they reveal ways in which minds are constrained to process information
they explain why humans are so poor at reasoning
they can be used to understand human development
they reveal the physiological structures of the brain
Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, is best known for his:
experiments with salivating dogs.
experiments with head-bobbing pigeons.
work with clinically depressed clients.
experiments with rats and mazes.
A school teacher gives yellow smiley faces for good work in the hopes of encouraging the children to do their best. According to principles of reinforcement, smiley faces would be:
positive reinforcement.
stimuli.
reactionary agents.
negative reinforcement.
Dr. Rowe studies what makes adolescents conform to the behaviors and opinions of other adolescents. Which area of psychology does her research best represent?
cognitive psychology
clinical psychology
social psychology
cultural psychology
Nurture is to nature as experience is to:
adaptation.
nativism.
behaviorism.
phrenology.
The first laboratory devoted exclusively to psychology as an independent field of study opened in:
Berlin in 1879.
Berlin in 1889.
Leipzig in 1889.
Leipzig in 1879.
Which school of psychology was most concerned with the adaptive importance of mental processes?
structuralism
behaviorism
functionalism
empiricism.
The branch of psychology that emphasizes the positive potential of human beings is called:
humanistic psychology.
Gestalt psychology.
cognitive psychology.
idealistic psychology.
Which psychologists insisted that psychology focus entirely on the study of behavior—what people do—rather than what people experience?
functionalists
behaviorists
structuralists
Gestalt psychologists
The advent of in the 1950s had an enormous conceptual impact on the development of cognitive psychology.
statistical programming
stimulus-response
conditioning
computers
Aristotle is to philosophical empiricism as Plato is to:
philosophical structuralism.
Which of the following people used the method of introspection to scientifically focus on basic elements of the mind?
Wilhelm Wundt
William James
John Watson
René Descartes
When his parents put him in his car seat and start up the truck, 2-year-old Mark almost immediately goes to sleep. The sound of the truck engine is a:
response.
stimulus.
reinforcement.
reactionary agent.
All of the following were cognitive psychologists EXCEPT:
Sir Frederic Bartlett.
Jean Piaget.
Kurt Lewin.
William James.
All of the following contributed to the rise of cognitive neuroscience EXCEPT:
the development of noninvasive brain-scanning techniques.
increased use of introspection techniques.
the advent of PET scans.
the use of MRI scanners.
Dr. Coblentz believes that most women prefer to choose young, physically healthy men for their life partners because this boosts their chances for producing healthy offspring. This outlook illustrates the perspective.
cultural
evolutionary
behavioral
developmental
What kind of psychologist is most likely to be working in a prison environment?
educational
health
forensic
occupational
