There are two ways to make ethanol
You can make ethanol by the dehydration of ethene and fermentation
What catalyst is used during the hydration of ethene?
Zymase
Phosphoric acid
Potassium dichromate
Sulphuric acid
What conditions are used during the hydration of ethene?
25 degrees Celsius, 60 atmospheres
300 degrees Celsius, 100 atmospheres
300 degrees Celsius, 60 atmospheres
Is steam used in the presence of a catalyst during the hydration of ethene?
Is the reaction of the hydration of ethene reversible?
Is this the correct equation for the hydration of ethene?
H2C=CH2 + H2O ---> CH3CH2OH
Yes
No
Fermentation is a method for manufacturing alcohol
What catalyst is used during the fermentation of sugars to make ethanol?
What happens when temperatures exceed 37 degrees Celsius?
The reaction happens at a faster rate
The enzyme denatures
The reaction stays at the same rate
Fermentation of sugars to ethanol is aerobic
Temperatures in degrees Celsius during the reaction of fermentation can be
27
40
37
30
24
25
It is important that fermentation is carried out with the absence of air. This is to prevent the oxidation of ethanol to undesired products, such as ethanal and ethanoic acid, which would affect the flavour of the product
The equation for fermentation is
C6H12O6 ----> 2CH3CH2OH + 2CO2
What are the conditions and catalyst used during fermentation?
300 degrees Celsius
37 degrees Celsius
_________ is the ease that a liquid turns into a gas
Physical properties
Volatility
A bond
Polarity
Volatility increases as boiling point increases
Why do alcohols dissolve in water?
Hydrogen bonds form between the polar -O-H groups of the alcohol and water molecules
Hydrogen bonds form between the non-polar -O-H groups of the alcohol and water molecules
No bonds form between the alcohol and water molecules which allows the alcohol to dissolve
Select the correct statement
Solubility decreases as chain length increases
Solubility decreases as chain length decreases
Classify this alcohol
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Which types of alchohols can be oxidised using an oxidising agent?
Primary and tertiary
Secondary and tertiary
Primary and secondary
Primary, secondary and tertiary
What does this symbol represent? [O]
Oxidising agent
Reflux
A primary alcohol reacts under reflux with acidified potassium dichromate to produce
Ketone
Carboxylic acid
Aldehyde
A primary alcohol reacts on gentle heating to produce
A secondary alcohol reacts under reflux to form
Nothing, it doesn't react
A ketone
An aldehyde
A carboxylic acid
Tertiary alcohols react under reflux to form
Nothing, it doesn't react as tertiary alcohols are resistant to oxidation
What is this?
Esterification is the reaction of
An alcohol and a ketone to produce an ester and water
An alcohol and a carboxylic acid to produce an ester and water
An alcohol and an aldehyde to produce an ester and water
Concentrated sulfuric acid is used as the catalyst in an esterification reaction
What is broken and formed during an esterification reaction?
the O-H bond in the alchohol is broken and water is formed
The =O bond in the alcohol is broken and water is formed
Propanoic acid and methanol reacts to form
Propyl methanoate
Methyl propanoate
An alcohol can be dehydrated to form an alkene in the presence of an acid catalyst
The dehydration of an alcohol is an example of what kind of reaction?
Substitution
Elimination
Nucleophilic
In an elimination reaction
2 molecules ---> 1 molecule
1 molecule ---> 2 molecules
Select the suitable acid catalysts for the dehydration of an alcohol
Concentrated phosphoric acid
Concentrated sulfuric acid
Oxygen
Acidified potassium dichromate
Dehydration is an elimination reaction in which water is removed from a saturated molecule to make an unsaturated molecule