NSF Week 7

Your patient has experienced traumatic events in his past. During which stage of the memory processing of the traumatic event might there be a target for intervention?

A 65 year-old right-handed man was brought to the emergency room by his wife one hour after sudden onset of right upper arm/hand weakness and difficulty talking. His wife reported that he seems to understand what she is saying because he is responding appropriately to her questions. However, she states he is only able to produce a few words (e.g."something...wrong...can't talk...doctor"). A physical exam revealed full visual fields, but weakness of the right arm and the right lower face. Which one of the following types of aphasia does the patient demonstrate?

According to the DSM-5, which of the following is a symptom of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

A 19 year old presents to clinic with her mother. She suffered from a traumatic brain injury in a motor vehicle accident when celebrating her 18th birthday. She has had significant problems with school performance and daily functioning. Her mother is concerned about her daughter's cognitive ability since the accident and wants to know if her daughter has an intellectual disability. What additional finding would be required for diagnosis of an intellectual disability?

A 7 year old child presents to your clinic with his foster parents. They are concerned about his school performance and wonder if he may have ADHD. On exam, you note that he is small for his age with a head circumference <5%, has a thin upper lip with flat philtrum, and is very hyperactive (see image). His language skills are on par with those of a 4 year old. Based on this constellation of symptoms, you believe this can be attributed to the most common teratogenic cause of intellectual disability. What prenatal exposure do you suspect?

Which thalamic nucleus communicates with other thalamic nuclei and also prevents overstimulation of cortex via GABAergic cortical relays?

Which of the following functions does the pineal body regulate?

Thalamic pain syndrome (Dejerine-Roussy syndrome) results from a lesion of which thalamic nucleus?

Which of the following hypothalamic nuclei are associated with the Papez circuit and memory?

Orexin, a neuropeptide responsible for wakefulness, arousal, and increased appetite, is released by which hypothalamic nucleus/nuclei?

On the SLUMS, a patient's memory is tested by determining if a list of 5 words can be registered immediately and recalled again in 5 minutes. What type of memory is being tested with 5 minute recall?

A 45 year old man has had a stroke in his dominant hemisphere. On mental status evaluation, you determine that he constructs sentences with articles and prepositions, with average sentence length of 7-8 words. The sentences have normal intonation and he does not make frequent pauses in his speech. He frequently answers 'yes' to open-ended questions. You have difficulty understanding the content of his responses, despite normal articulation. Which area is most likely affected by his stroke?

Which nucleus is involved in memory formation, providing cholinergic input to the hippocampus?

A 33 year old man has 5 days of progressively worsening mental status with fever. He has a first-time seizure in the emergency room. An MRI brain shows hemorrhagic lesions in the bilateral temporal lobes. Based on the most likely diagnosis, what next steps do you take?

A 19 year old man has new onset of altered mental status, fever, and new-onset seizures. His MRI brain shows temporal lobe cerebritis. A lumbar puncture shows normal glucose and protein, but a mild pleiocytosis (18 white blood cells) with lymphocytic predominance (92% lymphocytes). These findings suggests that he has which of the following?

A general pediatrician screens an 18 month old girl at a well-child visit and finds a lack of joint attention by history and examination. She refers her on for a formal diagnostic evaluation at a development clinic with a multidisciplinary autism spectrum disorders team. On her exam, which of the following suggests an absence of joint attention?

In the Papez circuit, which brain structure receives input from various cortical areas and is the primary source of input to the hippocampus?

Delirium can be distinguished from depression, dementia, and schizophrenia based on the mental status exam. Which of the following symptoms are characteristic of delirium, and not typical of depression, dementia, or schizophrenia?

Iatrogenic causes of delirium often include medications. Which of the following medications is likely to cause and/or worsen delirium in hospital patients?

The anatomic distribution of which abnormality in the brain is most closely correlated with the clinical progression of Alzheimer's disease?

What is the name of the extracellular protein aggregate that is a marker of Alzheimer's disease?

REM sleep behavior disorder is a core feature of which dementia?

What MRI finding would you most likely observe in a patient with moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease?

A 57-year old lawyer presents with a 1-2 year history of increased impulsivity and disinhibition, leading to the recent loss of his job. His wife describes him as having a tendency to become fixated on one idea without being able to let it go (over the same time period). During the exam, he is extremely jovial and intermittently makes inappropriate comments. Lab workup is normal. What type of neurocognitive disorder is most likely?

What is the most common type of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)?

What is the major output tract of the amygdala?

An elderly patient dies from aspiration pneumonia, after a prolonged cognitive decline over several years, characterized mostly by memory loss. There was not significant motor dysfunction. Neuropathological examination of the brain and spinal cord is most likely to reveal which of the following?

An adult patient dies after approximately two years of progressive muscle weakness, eventually requiring ventilator support. Early symptoms included hyperreflexia and spasticity. Cognitive function was intact, and no significant cortical atrophy was seen on gross examination. Neuropathological examination of the brain and spinal cord is most likely to reveal which of the following?

Which of the following is required to make a diagnosis of ADHD?

Which of the following is a common dose dependent side effect of first line medications used to treat ADHD?