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PHCY320 (Neurology) Quiz am NE8 MCI and Dementia, erstellt von Mer Scott am 11/10/2019.

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NE8 MCI and Dementia

Frage 1 von 9

1

Normal advancing age can result in a number of neurophysiological changes. Select the change that is abnormal/not due to aging.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Deposition of beta-amyloid peptide

  • Neurofibrillary tangles

  • Loss of synapses and neuronal networks

  • Excitotoxicity

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Frage 2 von 9

1

Subjective Cognitive Decline
• This is a title given to individuals who experiencing cognitive change-most typically deficits.
• No impairment shown on cognitive .
• There is increasing evidence that this subjectively experienced decline is associated with an risk of these patients experiencing cognitive decline - and having biomarker abnormalities.

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    report
    memory
    testing
    increased
    future

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Frage 3 von 9

1

The DSM-V classifies MCI as “Mild Neurocognitive Disorder”. Their criteria are:
A. Evidence of modest cognitive decline from a previous level of performance in cognitive domains (e.g. complex attention, executive function, learning and memory, language, perceptual motor, or social cognition) based
on:
1. Concern of the , a knowledgeable informant, or the that there has been a mild decline in functioning; and
2. A modest impairment in cognitive performance, documented by standardised neuropsychological testing (usually 1-2 standard deviations below the expected range-between the 3rd and 16th percentiles).
B. The cognitive deficits do not interfere with capacity for in
everyday activities (but greater , compensatory strategies, or accommodation may be required).
C. The cognitive deficits do not occur exclusively in the context of a
D. The cognitive deficits are not better explained by another

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    one or more
    individual
    clinician
    preferably
    independence
    effort
    delirium
    mental disorder

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Frage 4 von 9

1

What’s the difference between MCI and Dementia?
• In MCI there is a preservation of the person’s in functional abilities, and of significant impairment in functioning.
• A person with a dementia or Major Neurocognitive Disorder (DSM-IV) will display more significant deficits on their cognitive tests (>) and their functioning will have declined.

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    independence
    lack
    occupational or social
    2 SD from the mean
    significantly

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Frage 5 von 9

1

Risk factors for developing MCI:
• Age
• Male
• Lower level
• Presence of allele
• Family of cognitive impairment
• Presence of risk factors (hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, coronary artery disease, and stroke)
health conditions e.g. hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, coronary artery disease, osteoarthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, depression, diabetes mellitus.
• Those that are cognitively or physically

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    educational
    apolipoprotein E
    history
    vascular
    Chronic
    sedentary

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Frage 6 von 9

1

Not all cases of MCI are precursors to dementia and not all are . Studies have found quite high rates, with of patients originally diagnosed with MCI reverting back to “normal cognition” or remaining at follow-up assessments.
SOME reversible Causes of MCI:
pharmacy
• Hypotension/Orthostatic tension
• Depression
thyroidism
• Vitamin Deficiency
• Hypo/hyper
• De

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    progressive
    reversal
    30% to 50%
    stable
    Poly
    Hyper
    Hypo
    B12
    glycemia
    hydration

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Frage 7 von 9

1

Screening for MCI: MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment)
- Developed in 2005 as a brief instrument, not for diagnosis
- Takes 10 to administer and is scored out of points. Initial norms recommended a cut off score of 26/25 (< suspected of having MCI) but studies have shown that a cut off of 23/30 may be better as it allows fewer .
- Assesses multiple cognitive domains including attention, concentration, executive functioning, memory, language, visuospatial skills, abstraction, calculation and orientation.
- The MoCA has excellent in identifying MCI and AD (90% and 100% respectively). = 87% ( rate).

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    screening
    minutes
    30
    25
    false positives
    sensitivity
    Specificity
    true positive

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Frage 8 von 9

1

Choose the incorrect statement.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Currently there are no pharmacologic treatments that are approved for treatment of MCI.

  • Pharmacologic treatments have been found to be useful at delaying the onset of dementia.

  • There is no evidence to suggest that vitamins and various supplements help (unless there is a clear vitamin deficiency).

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Frage 9 von 9

1

Treatments tend to focus on lifestyle modification:
• Vascular factor control
• Withdrawing and simplifying regimes may help
• Physical is highly protective
• Engaging in meaningful mental and intellectual activity
• Socialising
• Maximising
• Ensure people with disorders are assessed and treated
• Management of depression and/or anxiety
• Education around e.g. diary, calendar, keeping keys/purse in the spot, reminder notes
• Trying to minimize risk:
- driving assessments, around safety in the home, etc
• Family education

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    risk
    medication
    exercise
    stimulation
    hearing
    sleep
    external memory aids
    same
    occupational therapy assessment

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