Schließen
Fristch and Hitzig
Bartholow
John Flynn
Wilder Penfield
Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)
Gazzaniga
Corpus callosum
1) Connections in the brain are crossed
2) There is some laterality in the brain.
Experiments on people with severed corpus callosums
Experiments on people with severed corpus callosums (facial)
Hemispheres & visual fields
Effects of damage to the corpus callosum
Nissl
Types of Glia
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Radial glia
Golgi & Caja
Golgi stain
Structure of a neuron
Dendrites vs axons
Afferent, efferent, and intrinsic (interneuron)
blood-brain barrier
Hodgkins and Huxley
Why use a giant squid axon?
Hodgkins and Huxley Results
Resting Potential
sodium-potassium (Na-K) pump
The sodium-potassium pump creates ______?
potassium flow in/out of the neuron
Nernst equation
Action potential graph
What happens during an action potential?
refractory period
Summary graph of refractory period
All or None Laws
Propogation of the action potential
Properties of a graded potential
Properties of an action potential
Why does an impulse not travel backwards?
Myelin
saltatory conduction
T. R. Elliott
Otto Loewi
Steps at the synapse
Sequence of events at the synapse
Synapse
ionotropic synapse
metabotropic synapse
Types of neurotransmitters
Acetylcholine
Monoamine
Amino acids
Ligand gated channel
Neurotransmitters vs neuropeptides
Metabotropic synapse diagram
glutamate
GABA
Dale's Law
Quantic release
How do you clean out the synaptic cleft?
Sherrington
Implications of Sherrington's experiment
Results of Sherrington's experiment presented visually
Temporal summation
Spatial summation
Excitatory post-synaptic potential (EPSP)
Inhibitory post-synaptic potential (IPSP)
Hiearchical synapses
Effects of drugs on dopamine
Nucleus accumbens
Myasthenia gravis
Parkinson's Disease characteristics
Parkinson's Disease possible causes
L-DOPA
Parkinson's treatment
Hungtinton's Chorea
C-A-G repeats
Antagonist
Agonist
Affinity
Efficacy
Stimulant drugs
Amphetamine
Cocaine
Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)
Nicotine
Opiates
Marijuana (Δ9-THC) - Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol
Hallucinogenic drugs
Alcohol
Summary of drugs & their effects
Tranquilizers
Ways to affect the synapse (antagonistic)
Ways to affect the synapse (agonistic)
Early development of vertebrate brain
Proliferation
Migration
Differentiation
Myelination
Synaptogenesis
New neurons grow in the adult brain?
Development of the brain
Three different pouches of the brain
Endocast
Organization of the nervous system
Central nervous system (CNS)
Peripheral nervous system
Somatic nervous system
Autonomic
Sensory nervous system
Motor nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
Spinal cord
Nerve
Tract
Spinal cord nerves
Directions in the brain
Cut of spinal cord
Path of information in the spinal cord
Structure of brain
Lamina
Column
Tract
Nerve
Nucleus
Ganglion
Gyrus
Sulcus
Fissure
Bell-Magendie law
Grey matter
White matter
Parasympathetic nervous system
Medulla
Cranial nerves
Major divisions of the vertebrate brain
Cranial Nerves
Pons
Reticular formation
Raphe system
Cerebellum
Ventricles
Meninges
tectum
superior colliculus
inferior colliculus
tegmentum
substantia nigra
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Mnemonics for cranial nerves
Parts of the brain
decussation of pyramids
Organization of the brain structures (e.g. medulla, pons, etc.)
