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Papers covered; August 2013 May 2013

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Microorganisms MCQ's 2013 Answered

Frage 1 von 40

1

The cardinal temperatures are the:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Minimum temperatures

  • Optimum temperatures

  • Maximum temperatures

  • Minimum, optimum, and maximum temperatures taken together.

Erklärung

Frage 2 von 40

1

Carl Woese of the University of Illinois and his collaborators identified two major branches of prokaryotic evolution. What was the basis for dividing prokaryotes into two domains?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Microscopic examination of the staining characteristics of the cell wall.

  • Metabolic characteristics such as the production of methane gas

  • Ecological characteristics such as the ability to survive extreme temperatures

  • Molecular characteristics such as ribosomal RNA sequences

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Frage 3 von 40

1

Which prokaryotes should be expected to be most strongly resistant to plasmolysis in hypertonic environments?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • extreme halophiles

  • extreme thermophiles.

  • methanogens

  • nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in root nodules

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Frage 4 von 40

1

Photoautotophs use:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Light as an energy source and CO2 as a carbon source

  • Light as an energy and methane as a carbon source

  • CO2 as both an energy source and a carbon source

  • All of the above.

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Frage 5 von 40

1

Addition of blood to a culture medium only allows the haemolytic bacteria that grow on the plate to be picked out. This is an example of a:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Selective medium

  • Differential medium

  • Complex medium

  • Synthetic medium

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Frage 6 von 40

1

Almost all medically important microbes are:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Chemolithoautotrophs

  • Photoorganoheterotrophs

  • Photolithoautotrophs

  • Chemoorganoheterotrophs

Erklärung

Frage 7 von 40

1

With regards to bacterial plasmids which statement is the CORRECT one?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • A plasmid is extra chromosomal DNA that encodes only resistance to antibiotics

  • A plasmid is a part of the bacterial chromosome

  • A plasmid is single stranded DNA found in some bacteria

  • A plasmid is an extra chromosomal DNA molecule

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Frage 8 von 40

1

Bacterial Genomics is:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • A study of the entire bacterial genome

  • Sequencing of the bacterial chromosome

  • A study of essential genes and genetic elements

  • Sequencing of DNA samples obtained from the environment

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Frage 9 von 40

1

All viruses:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Enter cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis

  • Replicate their genomes in the nucleus of the cell

  • Replicate their genomes in the cytoplasm of the cell

  • Surround their progeny genomes with capsid proteins inside infected cells

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Frage 10 von 40

1

Underline the TRUE statement below:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Viruses do not infect microorganisms

  • All viruses are enveloped

  • All viruses cause disease

  • All viruses are parasites

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Frage 11 von 40

1

Anthrophilic dermatophytes (fungi causing cutaneous infections of humans) are primarily associated with:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Soil

  • Animals

  • Plants

  • Humans

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Frage 12 von 40

1

Phytophthora ramorum is the causal pathogen of:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Potato blight

  • Sudden Oak Death

  • Coffee rust

  • Ash dieback

Erklärung

Frage 13 von 40

1

The Bacille-Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis

  • Attenuated live Mycobacterium tuberculosis

  • Mycobacterium bovis

  • Attenuated live Mycobacterium bovis

Erklärung

Frage 14 von 40

1

Which of the following is transmitted via the faecal-oral-route?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Malaria

  • Typhoid

  • Plague

  • Meningitis

Erklärung

Frage 15 von 40

1

With regard to the differences between bacterial and eukaryotic cells which statement is the CORRECT one?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Bacterial cells do not contain mitochondria.

  • Bacterial cells are always larger than eukaryote cells.

  • Bacteria do not contain a chromosome.

  • Eukaryotic cells are sensitive to β-lactam antibiotics.

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Frage 16 von 40

1

Koch’s postulates MOST CORRECTLY relate to which one of the following statements?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The isolation of a bacterium in culture from an infection alone indicates that it caused the disease.

  • Isolation and cultivation of a microorganism from a diseased animal, then inoculation into another healthy animal to cause the same disease followed by re-isolation of the same microorganism indicates that it is the cause of the disease.

  • The observation of virus particles in tissue from a human with disease indicates that it has caused the disease.

  • Inoculation of a bacterium into an animal and observation of disease alone indicates that it is the cause of the disease observed.

Erklärung

Frage 17 von 40

1

Which statement is CORRECT with respect to Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • LPS is found in Gram positive cells.

  • LPS is found in Gram negative cells in the cytoplasmic membrane.

  • LPS is found in the outer-membrane of Gram negative cells.

  • LPS is associated with found inside all bacterial cells.

Erklärung

Frage 18 von 40

1

A culture of E.coli is diluted by a factor of 10-6 and, after plating out 100 μl on an agar plate, 57 colonies grew after incubation at 37oC overnight. The original culture therefore contained how many viable E. coli cells per ml?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • 5.7 x 10(7)

  • 5.7 x 10(8)

  • 5.7 x 10(6)

  • 5.7 x 10(5)

Erklärung

Frage 19 von 40

1

With respect to differences between members of the archaeal and bacterial domains/kingdoms, which is the CORRECT statement?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Both have peptidoglycan in their cell walls

  • No bacteria and only some Archaea are capable of methanogenesis

  • Archaea and bacteria are sensitive to β-lactam antibiotics

  • Bacteria have similar RNA polymerase to that of Archaea

Erklärung

Frage 20 von 40

1

Which statement is CORRECT with respect to peptidoglycan?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • There are multiple molecules of peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls.

  • Only Gram positive cells possess peptidoglycan.

  • There is only a single molecule of peptidoglycan in a bacterial cell wall.

  • Peptidoglycan is only found in Gram negative cell walls.

Erklärung

Frage 21 von 40

1

Which of the following is a macronutrient?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Manganese

  • Magnesium

  • Zinc

  • Cobalt

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Frage 22 von 40

1

Which of the following forms of oxygen are generally toxic to living organisms?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Superoxide anion

  • Hydrogen peroxide

  • Hydroxyl radical

  • All of the above

Erklärung

Frage 23 von 40

1

Carrier mediated transport is necessary when:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Diffusion will not allow adequate amounts of a substance to enter the cell

  • Movement into the cell is against a concentration gradient

  • The level of nutrients in nature is very low

  • All of the above

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Frage 24 von 40

1

The size (as determined by the sedimentation factor) of the most useful RNA molecule for prokaryotic evolutionary studies is:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • 5S

  • 16S

  • 18S

  • 23S

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Frage 25 von 40

1

Which of these environmental factors influences microbial growth?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • pH

  • Water potential

  • Oxygen

  • All of the above

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Frage 26 von 40

1

The signature sequence is used extensively in the:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Phylogenetic probe

  • Reclassification of misclassified organisms

  • Defining of a specific group within a domain

  • All of the above

Erklärung

Frage 27 von 40

1

A Wild-type strain is:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • A bacterial or viral strain with minimum of mutations in its genome

  • An arbitrarily chosen strain; other strains compared with it

  • A strain adapted to laboratory conditions

  • A strain that dominates the natural environment

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Frage 28 von 40

1

Bacterial genes:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Are stretches of double stranded RNA

  • Have introns

  • Are often organised into operons

  • Are always present in two copies

Erklärung

Frage 29 von 40

1

Viruses may encode their genomes as:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • DNA

  • RNA

  • Negative strand RNA

  • All of the above

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Frage 30 von 40

1

Poliovirus:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Has a double-stranded DNA genome

  • Has a capsid that is composed of 240 copies of a single protein

  • Replicates primarily in the upper respiratory tract

  • Belongs to the enterovirus genus of the picornavirus family

Erklärung

Frage 31 von 40

1

Which of the following statements is NOT true about rust fungi?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • They are obligate pathogens

  • They are host specific pathogens

  • They have an active saprophytic phase

  • They form basidiospores as part of their life cycle

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Frage 32 von 40

1

Which of the following is NOT part of the plant disease triangle:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Susceptible host

  • Climate change

  • Active pathogen

  • Suitable environment

Erklärung

Frage 33 von 40

1

Which of the following is primarily a respiratory pathogen?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Vibrio cholera

  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis

  • Salmonella typhi

  • Mycobacterium leprae

Erklärung

Frage 34 von 40

1

Modification of RNA polymerase confers bacterial resistance to:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Beta-lactam antibiotics

  • Rifampicin

  • Quinolone antibiotics

  • Metronidazole

Erklärung

Frage 35 von 40

1

Pasteur is attributed with which one of the following discoveries?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Was the first to see microorganisms under a microscope

  • First to discover and use agar

  • That there could be life without air

  • The first chemical antibiotics

Erklärung

Frage 36 von 40

1

The length of a typical E.coli cell is approximately:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • 20 μm

  • 2 μm

  • 200 nm

  • 20 nm

Erklärung

Frage 37 von 40

1

With respect to differences between members of the archaeal and bacterial domains/kingdoms, which is the CORRECT statement?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Both have peptidoglycan in their cell walls

  • No bacteria and only some Archaea are capable of methanogenesis

  • Archaea and bacteria are sensitive to β-lactam antibiotics

  • Bacteria have similar RNA polymerase to that of Archaea

Erklärung

Frage 38 von 40

1

Which statement is CORRECT with respect to the E.coli chromosome?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • It is negatively supercoiled

  • It is positively supercoiled

  • There are typically several origins of replication

  • It consists of over 50 million base pairs

Erklärung

Frage 39 von 40

1

A culture of E.coli is diluted by a factor of 10-6 and, after plating out 100 μl on an agar plate, 56 colonies grew after incubation at 37oC overnight. The original culture therefore contained how many viable E. coli cells per ml?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • 5.6 x 10(7)

  • 5.6 x 10(8)

  • 5.6 x 10(6)

  • 5.6 x 10(5)

Erklärung

Frage 40 von 40

1

Bacterial flagella bring about cell motion by which mechanism?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Wave-like movement of the flagellum

  • Rotation of the cell

  • Rotation of the flagellum in one direction only

  • Rotation of the flagellum that is reversible

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