Unfavourable attitude towards a social group and its members.
Prejudice (p. 368)
Sexism (p. 371)
Discrimination (p. 407)
Racism (p. 379)
The behavioural expression of prejudice.
Face-ism (p. 375)
Prejudice and discrimination against people based on their gender.
Ageism (p. 383)
What are the subtypes of sexism?
Sex stereotypes (p. 371)
Sex roles (p. 373)
Glass ceiling (p. 374)
Glass cliff (p. 374)
Attribution (p. 377)
Belief of differences of genders. Widely shared and simplified evaluation of a social group and its members.
Behaviour deemed sex stereotypical appropriate.
Against sexual minorities (p. 384)
Reluctance to help (p. 387)
An invisible barrier that prevents women, and minorities, from attaining top leadership positions.
A tendency for women rather than men to be appointed to precarious leadership positions associated with a high probability of failure and criticism.
Prejudice and discrimination based on their age.
Prejudice and discrimination based on their sexual orientation.
Against people with a physical or mental disability (p. 385)
Prejudice and discrimination based on their physical or mental ability.
Prejudice and discrimination based on their race or ethnicity.
What factors are maintaining sex stereotypes and roles?
Language
Operational definition (p. 472)
External validity (p. 473)
Fighter jets
Media depiction that gives greater prominence to the head and less prominence to the body for men, but vice versa for women.
Tokenism (p. 387)
Stigma (p. 389)
The process of assigning a cause to our own behaviour and that of others.
Reverse discrimination (p. 388)
Stereotype threat (p. 392)
What are some forms of discrimination?
Self-fulfilling prophecies (p. 394)
Self-Esteem (p. 390)
Failure to want to improve other individuals position in society.
Failure and disadvantage (p. 393)
Attributional ambiguity (p. 393)
The practice of publicly making small concession to a minority group in order to deflect any prejudice accusations of prejudice and discrimination.
Mere exposure effect (p. 399)
The practice of publicly being prejudiced in favour of a minority group in order to deflect accusations of prejudice and discrimination against that group.
Group attributed that mediate a negative social evaluation of people belonging to the group.
Scapegoat (p. 400)
Displacement (p. 401)
Feelings about and evaluations of oneself.
Feelings that we will be judged and treated in terms of negative stereotypes of our group, and that we will inadvertently confirm these stereotypes through our behaviour.
Dehumanisation, Violence, and Genocide (p. 396)
Lack of access to support and recourses to help them thrive and succeed (education, health, housing, etc).
Stigmatised individuals have an uncertainty as to whether what has happened is because of their own merit or because of the group they belong to.
Expectations and assumptions about a person that influence our interaction with that person and eventually change their behaviour in line with our expectations.
Repeated exposure to an object results in greater attraction to the object.
Authoritarian personality (p. 402)
Social dominance theory (p.405)
Individual or group that becomes the target for anger and frustration cause by a different individual or group or some other set of circumstances.
Stereotypes (p. 372)
Relative deprivation (p. 402)
Collective behaviour (p. 402)
Psychodynamic concept referring to the transfer of negative feelings on to an individual or group other than that which originally caused the negative feelings.
Personality syndrome originating in childhood that predisposes individuals to be prejudice.
Right-wing authoritarianism (p. 404)
Frustration-aggression hypothesis (p. 399)
Intergroup behaviour (p. 414)
Cognitive style that is rigid and intolerant and predisposes people to be prejudice.
Dogmatism or Close-mindedness (p. 404)
What are the three components that contribute towards right-wing authoritarinism?
Conventionalism (p. 404)
Authoritarin aggression (p. 404)
Authoritarin submission (p. 404)
Social deviants (p. 404)
Generalised syndrome (p. 404)
Adherence to societal conventions that are endorsed by established authorities.
Authoritarian aggression (p. 404)
Authoritarian submission (p. 404)
Support for aggression towards social deviants.
Submission to society’s established authorities.
Theory that attributes prejudice to an individual’s acceptance of an ideology that legitimises ingroup-serving hierarchy and domination, and rejects egalitarian ideologies.
Social dominance theory (p .405)
Belief congruence theory (p. 406)
The theory that similar beliefs promote liking and social harmony among people while dissimilar beliefs produce dislike and prejudice.
Widely shared and simplified evaluation of a social group and its members.
Theory that all frustration leads to aggression, and all aggression comes from frustration. Used to explain prejudice and intergroup aggression.
A sense of having less than we feel entitled to.
The behaviour of people en masse – such as in a crowd, protest or riot.
Behaviour among individuals that is regulated by those individual’s awareness of and identification with social groups.
