The dental pattern of Old World higher primates is
2/1/2/3
2/1/3/3.
2/2/2/3.
2/2/3/3.
Relative to body size, primate brain size is
proportional to human brain size
more or less the same in large and small primates.
smaller than in other large mammals.
larger among great apes than among other primates.
The Linnaean suborder prosimians includes
only nocturnal species
only diurnal species.
diurnal and nocturnal galagos.
diurnal and nocturnal lemurs.
In class, your professor shows you an MRI scan of a primate brain. The professor points out the relatively large size of the olfactory bulb beneath the frontal lobe. This suggests to you that this
primate exhibits a derived trait for an enhanced sense of smell, since this trait is not commonly observed in mammal species
is a species of anthropoid because it has an increased reliance on vision.
primate must be a species of Strepsirhini, as that suborder of primates relies heavily on the sense of smell for many aspects of daily life.
species is nocturnal.
The rhinarium is present in
baboons.
gorillas.
ring-tail lemurs.
howler monkeys.
The Y-5 molar morphology is present in
colobus monkeys.
chimpanzees.
lemurs.
Colobine primates
are mostly frugivorous.
are usually terrestrial.
have specialized digestive anatomy for eating leaves.
are referred to as “cheek pouch” monkeys.
While at the zoo you see an exhibit with a small group of primates and notice they have wet, snout-like noses. This indicates a species of
prosimian, because they retain the rhinarium not found in other mammal species.
anthropoid primate, because they retain the rhinarium commonly found in other mammal species.
platyrrhine primate, because their nostrils do not point downward.
strepsirhine, because they retain a rhinarium.
Anthropoids include
monkeys and apes, including humans.
African and Asian apes only.
tarsiers, monkeys, and apes only.
lemurs, lorises, galagos, and tarsiers.
Dietary plasticity in primates refers to
eating a wide variety of foods.
lack of diversity of diets over time.
diets composed of a variety of red meats.
diets composed of a variety of fruits.
Which is not an arboreal adaptation shared by most primates?
mobile joints connecting bones of the shoulders, limbs, hands, and feet
an opposable thumb and often an opposable big toe
dermal ridges and flat nails on fingertips
rigidly connected, identical vertebrae in the backbone
which evolutionary adaptation provides primates with depth perception?
forward-facing eyes
color vision
loss of the rhinarium
smaller olfactory bulb
__________________ retain more primitive characteristics than other primates, such as a partially enclosed eye orbit
Strepsirhines
Haplorhines
Platyrrhines
Catarrhines
________________ have a dental formula of 2/1/2/3 and hook-shaped nostrils
Atelids
Cebids
Which feature is shared by both apes and Old World Monkeys?
long tail
lower molar morphology
canine-premolar honing complex
large bodies and brains
The pelvis and gluteal muscles in apes and humans are
almost identical, even though the two groups of primates locomote in entirely different ways.
different in their shape and size so that the difference between quadrupedal and bipedal locomotion can be distinguished.
almost identical, since the two types of primates both move around quadrupedally and bipedally, as needed.
the same except for the size of the gluteal maximus, which is largest in the nonhuman ape.
Among all primates, humans have the
largest body relative to other animals.
greatest level of biological adaptability.
largest body size.
largest brain relative to body size.
The increased brain size observed in the order Primates
results in extended periods of nursing and development to accommodate increasing behavioral complexity.
results in shorter developmental periods to accommodate the necessary energy expenditures of larger brain size.
demonstrates the importance of intelligence in primate evolution.
demonstrates the importance of intelligence in primate evolution AND results in extended periods of nursing and development to accommodate increasing behavioral complexity.
Modern primates are characterized by arboreal adaptations, including
opposable thumbs.
a precision grip.
short digits.
an expanded reliance on sense of smell.
Preadaptation is
the series of apparent adaptations that are never actually used.
the use of an anatomical feature in a way unrelated to the feature’s original function.
an anatomical feature used in the manner for which it was originally selected.
a phenomenon that occurs before natural selection can occur.
Primate females
invest less in their offspring than do many other mammals.
give birth to more offspring than do most other mammals.
give birth to fewer offspring than do many other mammals.
give birth to twins regularly.
Which of the following lists is a good characterization of primates?
Primates have impressive, built-in behaviors but are poor learners and require a very specific diet to survive.
Primates have a shorter life span than other mammals of their size, are intelligent, and almost all eat the same diet.
Primates are intelligent, are long lived, have diverse diets, and exhibit complex social behavior.
Primates are intelligent, are long lived, have very narrow dietary requirements, and exhibit diverse social behaviors.
