Emily Doyle
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Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis of Disease in Adults and Children 8th Edition

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Emily Doyle
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Chapter 46: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Chapter 46: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Frage 1 von 30

1

Until the skeleton matures and adult stature is reached, where does growth in the length of bone occur?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Epiphyseal line

  • Physeal plate

  • Epiphyseal cartilage

  • Metaphyseal plate

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Frage 2 von 30

1

A healthcare professional is educating an expectant parent class. Which skeletal deformity does the professional tell them is normal at birth but generally disappears by years of age?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Genu varum (bowleg)

  • Genu valgum (knock knee)

  • Equinovarus (clubfoot)

  • Pes planus (flat feet)

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Frage 3 von 30

1

A healthcare professional wants to estimate the total mass of muscle in a patient’s body. What serum laboratory test should the professional evaluate?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Albumin

  • Blood urea nitrogen

  • Creatinine

  • Creatine

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Frage 4 von 30

1

A healthcare professional working with children learns that which is the most common congenital skeletal defect of the upper extremity?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Vestigial tabs

  • Paget disease

  • Rickets

  • Syndactyly

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Frage 5 von 30

1

What diagnosis is given to parents when their infant’s hip maintains contact with the acetabulum but is not well seated within the hip joint?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Dislocatable hip

  • Subluxated hip

  • Dislocated hip

  • Subluxable hip

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Frage 6 von 30

1

Which sign or symptom is a very late indication of developmental dysplasia of the hip?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Asymmetry of the gluteal or thigh folds

  • . Leg-length discrepancy

  • Waddling gait

  • Pain

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Frage 7 von 30

1

To assess for osteogenesis imperfecta, which laboratory result would the healthcare
professional expect to find?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Increased phosphorus

  • Decreased calcium

  • Increased alkaline phosphatase

  • Decreased total protein

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Frage 8 von 30

1

A child has a disorder that resulted in the failure of bones to ossify, resulting in soft bones and skeletal deformity. What treatment plan does the healthcare professional discuss with the parents?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Extremely careful handling

  • Increasing vitamin D intake

  • Revascularization

  • Containment and motion therapy

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Frage 9 von 30

1

An insufficient dietary intake of which vitamin can lead to rickets in children?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • C

  • B12

  • B6

  • D

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Frage 10 von 30

1

A child has scoliosis with a 40-degree curvature of the spine, and the parent is worried about pulmonary involvement. What statement by the healthcare professional is most appropriate?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • “Scoliosis is a bone disorder and does not affect the lungs.”

  • “Yes, we should obtain pulmonary function studies soon.”

  • “Scoliosis severe enough to involve the lungs would be fatal.”

  • “The lungs aren’t affected until the curvature is over 80 degrees.”

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Frage 11 von 30

1

In osteomyelitis, bacteria gain access to the subperiosteal space in the metaphysis. What factor makes this route the easiest for bacteria to gain access to this area?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Cortex of the bone in this area is porous or mazelike.

  • Blood supply to the metaphysis is easily compromised

  • Macrophages and lymphocytes have limited access to the subperiosteal space.

  • Bacteria usually spread down the medullary cavity of the bone.

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Frage 12 von 30

1

The student wants to know how the clinical manifestations and onset of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) differ from those of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in adults. What answer by the healthcare professional is best?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • JIA begins insidiously with systemic signs of inflammation.

  • JIA predominantly affects large joints.

  • JIA has more severe joint pain than adult RA.

  • JIA has a rapid onset of generalized aches as the first symptom.

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Frage 13 von 30

1

An adolescent has been diagnosed with osteochondrosis. How does the healthcare
professional describe the pathophysiology to the teen?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Imbalance between calcitonin and parathyroid hormone

  • Nutritional deficiency of calcium and phosphorus

  • Bacterial infection of the bone

  • Vascular impairment and trauma to bone

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Frage 14 von 30

1

Which bones are affected in Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Heads of the femur

  • Distal femurs

  • Heads of the humerus

  • Distal tibias

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Frage 15 von 30

1

What does the student learn about the pain experienced with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Elbow and upper and lower arm pain is aggravated by activity and relieved by rest.

  • Knee, inner thigh, and groin pain is described as a continuous ache and relieved by antiinflammatory drugs.

  • Knee, inner thigh, and groin pain is aggravated by activity and relieved by rest.

  • Elbow and upper and lower arm pain is described as a continuous ache and relieved by antiinflammatory drugs.

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Frage 16 von 30

1

The healthcare professional directs a student to assess a teen who has Osgood-Schlatter disease. What assessment finding does the student anticipate for this disorder?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Lateral epicondylitis of the elbow

  • Inflammation of the anterior cruciate ligament

  • Bursitis of the subscapular bursa in the glenohumeral joint

  • Tendinitis of the anterior patellar tendon

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Frage 17 von 30

1

At birth, the diagnosis of cerebral palsy (CP) may be made based on what factor?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Brain trauma

  • Prematurity

  • Major brain malformation

  • Genetic defect

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Frage 18 von 30

1

A child has Duchenne muscular dystrophy and the parents want to know how this occurred. Which statement by the healthcare professional is most accurate?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • X-linked recessive inheritance

  • Common SMN1 gene abnormality

  • Autosomal dominant inheritance

  • Inheritance is not well defined

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Frage 19 von 30

1

Which protein, absent in muscle cells of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, mediates the anchoring of skeletal muscle fibers to the basement membrane?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Syntrophin

  • Laminin

  • Dystrophin

  • Troponin

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Frage 20 von 30

1

A child has Duchenne muscular dystrophy. What complication does the healthcare
professional teach the parents is most important to control?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Respiratory infection

  • Joint contractures

  • Urinary tract infection

  • Fractures from falling

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Frage 21 von 30

1

Generally, what is the first symptom of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Inability to open the eyes completely

  • Difficulty standing

  • Drooping shoulders

  • Facial pain

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Frage 22 von 30

1

What is the most common malignant bone tumor diagnosed during childhood?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Chondrosarcoma

  • Fibrosarcoma

  • Ewing Sarcoma

  • Osteosarcoma

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Frage 23 von 30

1

Molecular analysis has demonstrated that osteosarcoma is associated with which gene?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • TP53

  • src

  • myc

  • TSC2

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Frage 24 von 30

1

A child has osteosarcoma and the healthcare team is assessing for metastases. What diagnostic study would be the priority?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Pancreatic enzyme analysis

  • Liver biopsy

  • Chest x-ray or CT scan

  • Brain MRI

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Frage 25 von 30

1

What does a Ewing sarcoma arise from?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Bone marrow

  • Bone-producing mesenchymal cells

  • Metadiaphysis of long bones

  • Embryonal osteocytes

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Frage 26 von 30

1

Rhabdomyosarcoma can develop in which type of muscle?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Cardiac

  • Smooth

  • Involuntary

  • Striated

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Frage 27 von 30

1

A newborn is diagnosed with osteomyelitis. What organism does the healthcare professional prepare to treat?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Staphylococcus aureus

  • Escherichia coli

  • Group B streptococcus

  • Bacillus anthracis

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Frage 28 von 30

1

A student asks what the cause of structural scoliosis is. What explanation by the professor is accurate?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Poor posture

  • Vertebral rotation

  • Poor calcium absorption

  • Intrauterine trauma

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Frage 29 von 30

1

What does the student learn about bone growth before adulthood? (Select all that apply.)

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Growth in the length of bone occurs at the physeal plate.

  • Growth occurs through endochondral ossification.

  • Bone growth takes place under hormonal control.

  • Cartilage cells at the epiphyseal side of the physeal plate multiply and enlarge.

  • Cartilage cells at the metaphyseal side of the plate are replaced by bone.

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Frage 30 von 30

1

The anatomic makeup of which bone structures make them susceptible locations for osteomyelitis in children? (Select all that apply.)

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Hip joint

  • Distal femur

  • Proximal humerus

  • Distal radius

  • Lateral ankle

Erklärung

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