What are all substances made up of?
Atoms
Elements
Molecules
What is a substance made from only one type of atom?
Element
Mixture
Compound
The nucleus of an atom is made up of protons and neutrons
Electrons don't orbit the nucleus
What are the sub-atomic particles that make up atoms? [3]
Neutrons
Electrons
Protons
Nucleus
Particles
Which is a description of Electrons?
Very very small and have hardly any mass
Very big and make up most of our atoms mass
Which one of these is correct?
Proton relative mass is 1 and its relative charge is +1 Neutron relative mass is 1 and its relative charge is 0 Electron relative mass is 1/2000 and its relative charge is -1
Proton relative mass is 0 and its relative charge is +2 Neutron relative mass is 1 and its relative charge is -1 Electron relative mass is 1/20 and its relative charge is 0
Atoms must have the same number of protons and electrons because they are neutral
If a neutral atom has 7 protons how many electrons must it have?
7
9
1
17
All atoms of a particular element are different
What is the mass number?
The number of protons and neutrons
The number of electrons
The number of protons and electrons
The number of protons, electrons and neutrons
The atomic number is the number of neutrons in an atom
What is the correct electron shell structure?
2, 8, 8, 8
1, 2, 3, 4
2, 4, 6 , 8
8, 8, 8, 2
What do chemical reactions show?
Reactants
Products of a reaction
Protons Neutrons and Electrons
The reactivity series
What do state symbols tell us?
State of reactants or products
Solids
Liquids
Gases
Aqueous
In a chemical reaction no atoms are created or destroyed they are just rearranged.
What do ionic bonds occur between
Metals
Non - Metals
Compounds
None of the Above
In ionic bonds metal atoms gain electrons and non - metal atoms lose electrons.
What is limestone?
A type of sedimentary rock composed mainly of calcium carbonate
A fossil
A stone made from limes
A lime in the shape of a stone
How long does it take to form limestone
Over millions of years
100 years
10 months
billions of years
Limestone is dug out of the ground and quarried, then made into blocks which can be used in building
Which is the test for Co2?
Heating CaCo3 and seeing if it turns limewater cloudy
Blowing bubbles into limewater
Adding calcium carbonate and limewater together to see if a reaction occurs
Limestone can be heated strongly to make it undergo a DECOMPOSITION REACTION. This means that a THERMAL DECOMPOSITION is used to break it down to form carbon dioxide and calcium oxide.
Limestone is used to test for carbon dioxide
What is this a picture of?
The limestone cycle
The reaction of calcium hydroxide
a displacement reaction
What is heated together to make cement? [2]
Clay
Limestone
Water
Limewater
Cement
What do we mix together to make concrete? [4]
Sand
Aggregate
Corn flour
Stones/ Rocks
Which is not a property of metals?
Corrosive
Malleable
Ductile
Good electrical conductors
good conductors of heat
sonorous
shiny
Most metals have HIGH melting and boiling points and they are all SOLID at room temperature (EXCEPT MERCURY)
What is the rule that goes with displacement reactions?
If the metal added is more reactive than the metal in the solution then a displacement reaction will occur.
If the non-metal added is more reactive than the metal in the solution then a displacement reaction will occur.
If the metal added is more reactive than the non-metal in the solution then a displacement reaction will occur.
Metal powders and oxides can't be heated together to give a displacement reaction
Which is the method to extract copper from its ore?
Put copper carbonate and carbon in a test tube with cotton wool in the top and heat it.
Put copper oxide and carbon dioxide in a test tube and heat it.
What is the method for extracting copper called?
Reduction
Oxidisation
Decomposition
What decides how metals are extracted from there ores?
Its atomic number
Where it is found
How much of it there is
Tick the true statements [4]
Metals above carbon in the reactivity series have to be extracted by electrolysis
Metals low in the reactivity series can be found native and just have to be purified
Metals near the bottom (e.g. copper) can be extracted through smelting
Metals in the middle of the reactivity series (below carbon) are extracted by chemical reduction
Metals in the middle of the reactivity series (below carbon) cant be extracted
Metals at the top of the reactivity series are highly dangerous and poisonous
What is bioleaching?
When bacteria feed on low-grade metal ores
When bacteria leach onto things
Clingy bacteria
What are alloys ?
Pure metals mixed with other elements to make them stronger
non-metals
elements
Why is crude oil not useful
Because it is a mixture of many different compounds
Too runny
Tastes bad
Most of the compounds in crude oil are hydrocarbons
We make crude oil useful by doing fractional distillation
What are substances that are produced by hydrocarbons reacting with oxygen?
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Oxygen
What is carbon dioxide (the main greenhouse gas in the air) causing according to scientists?
Global warming
Global dimming
Food shortness
What are particulates made of?
Carbon (soot) and unburnt hydrocarbons
Calcium
How do particulates cause global dimming?
They travel into the upper atmosphere, reflecting sunlight back into space.
They engulf all the light
They dont
What does a catalyst converter do?
Greatly reduces the carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide produced by a car engine.
Converts things into a catalyst
Converts carbon dioxide into oxygen
What is crude oil separated into in fractional distillation?
Groups of compounds with similar properties
what does the crude oil enter the fractionating column as ?
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Which of these are true?
Gases at the top have short chains (1-4 carbons)
Gases at the bottom have long chains (100+ carbons)
Gases at the bottom have short chains (less than 10 carbons)
Gases at the top have long chains (20+ carbons)
The compounds condense when the temperatures inside the fractionating column matches there boiling point.
What are Alkanes and Alkenes?
Hydrocarbons
They don't exist
What does the first part of the name show?
The number of carbon atoms in the molecule
The number of hydrogen atoms in the molecule
Whether it is and alkane or and alkene
Alkanes have a single bon and are saturated
Alkenes have a double bond and are unsaturated
Which is the formula for Alkanes?
C2H2n+2
C2H2n
C3H4n
Which is the formula for Alkenes?
C4H3n+1
Thick = Viscous
What are polymers?
Compounds made when lots of alkene molecules join together
Mixtures of alkenes and alkanes
The same as monomers
What is it called when a long chain hydrocarbon is 'cracked' into smaller pieces?
Thermal decomposition
Exothermic reaction
What is the bromine water test for?
To tell the difference between alkanes and alkenes
To split hydrocarbons
To make a polymer
What colour do alkenes go with orange bromine water?
Colourless
Brown
Orange
Red
What colour do alkanes go in bromine water?
Stay Orange
Purple
Pink
Green
What do smart polymers such as memory polymers do?
Change there shape when they are hot or cold
Remember information
React to light
What can Ethanol be made by?
Fermentation
Distillation
Ethanol produced by fermentation is a biofuel.
What do all vegetable oils contain?
Long chain carbons and hydrogen's
Short chain carbons and hydrogen's
Long and short chain carbons
What state are unsaturated oils at room temperature?
To harden vegetable oils we react them with H2 and use a nickel catalyst at 60 oC.
What are hardened vegetable oils sometimes called
Hydrogenated oils
Exothermically hardened oils
Oxygenised oils
What are the 2 main ways to extract plant oils?
Pressing
Steam distillation
Hydrogenation
Oxygenation
What is an emulsion?
A mixture of liquids that do not dissolve in each other
A mixture of two substances that are dissolved in each other
Something that stops a substance separating
What is an emulsifier?
Something that helps keeps emulsions mixed together
A mixture of oil and water
A mixture of emulsions
How long has our atmosphere been 'stable'?
About 200 million years
About 100 years
1 million years
How much nitrogen is in the air?
78%
65%
21%
14%
How much argon is in the atmosphere?
0.9%
10%
82%
0.4%
How much carbon dioxide is in the atmosphere?
0.04%
26%
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