au lieu de + inf
(= instead of doing)

avant de + inf
(= before doing)

après avoir + past participle*
(= after having done)
*avoir verbs only

après être + past participle*
(= after having done)
*être verbs (MRS VANDERTAMP etc.) only

ce qui/ce que
(= what/which)

en (regardant)
(= whilst watchng)

quand/lorsque
(= when)

si + present tense, future tense
(= if ...., .....)

si + imperfect, conditional
(if ...., (i) would/could)

si + pluperfect, past
conditional
(= if (i) had ...., (i) would/could have)

pour/afin de + inf
(= in order to do)

plus...que, moins...que, aussi...que
(= more...than, less...than, as....as)

superlatives

balancing statements

connecting words - tout d'abord, puis

adverbs

expressions of time

when/where/with whom

alternatives to “je
voudrais” when referring
to the future
aller, avoir l'intention/envie de, esperer

using the “two verbs in a
row” rule

exclamations

present tense + depuis + length of time
(= (i) have been ... for/since ....)

venir de + inf
(= to have just)

sur le point de + inf
(= about to)

negatives
ne…pas (=not); ne…jamais (=never); ne…plus (=no longer); ne…que (=only) etc

present subjunctive