1. A new graduate is asked to serve on the hospital’s quality improvement (QI) committee. The nurse understands that the first step in quality improvement is to:
a. collect data to determine whether standards are being met.
b. implement a plan to correct the problem.
c. identify the standard.
d. determine whether the findings warrant correction.
2. The chief executive officer asks the nurse manager of the telemetry unit to justify the disproportionately high number of registered nurses on the telemetry unit. The nurse manager explains that nursing research has validated which statement about a low nurse-to-patient ratio? The low ratio:
a. promotes teamwork among healthcare providers.
B. Increases adverses events
C. Improves patient outcomes
D. Contributes to duplication of services
3. A nurse manager wants to decrease the number of medication errors that occur in her department. The manager arranges a meeting with the staff to discuss the issue. The manager conveys a total quality management philosophy by:
a. explaining to the staff that disciplinary action will be taken in cases of additional errors.
b. recommending that a multidisciplinary team should assess the root cause of errors in medication.
c. suggesting that the pharmacy department should explore its role in the problem.
d. changing the unit policy to allow a certain number of medication errors per year without penalty
4. The nurse educator of the pediatric unit determines that vital signs are frequently not being documented when children return from surgery. According to quality improvement (QI), to correct the problem, the educator, in consultation with the patient care manager, would initially do which of the following?
a. Talk to the staff individually to determine why this is occurring.
b. Call a meeting of all staff to discuss this issue.
c. Have a group of staff nurses review the established standards of care for postoperative patients.
d. Document which staff members are not recording vital signs and write them up.
5. A nurse is explaining the pediatric unit’s quality improvement (QI) program to a newly employed nurse. Which of the following would the nurse include as the primary purpose of QI programs?
a. Evaluation of staff members’ performances
b. Determination of the appropriateness of standards
c. Improvement in patient outcomes
d. Preparation for accreditation of the organization by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health care organizations (JCAHO)
6. Before beginning a continuous quality improvement project, a nurse should determine the minimal safety level of care by referring to the:
a. procedure manual.
b. nursing care standards.
c. litigation rate of unsafe practice.
d. job descriptions of the organization.
7. The nurse gives an inaccurate dose of medication to a patient. After assessment of the patient, the nurse completes an incident report. The nurse notifies the nursing supervisor of the medication error and calls the physician to report the occurrence. The nurse who administered the inaccurate medication understands that:
a. the error will result in suspension.
b. an incident report is optional for an event that does not result in injury.
c. the error will be documented in her personnel file.
d. risk management programs are not designed to assign blame.
8. The nurse manager is concerned about the negative ratings her unit has received on patient satisfaction surveys. The first step in addressing this issue from the point of view of quality improvement is to:
a. assemble a team.
b. establish a benchmark.
c. identify a clinical activity for review.
d. establish outcomes.
9. With the rise of violence in the psychiatric department, the nurse manager decides that she should work with the risk manager in violence prevention. The nurse manager should:
a. request all staff to accept new risk management practices.
b. hold staff accountable for safe practices.
c. document inappropriate behavior.
d. hire more police security.
10. A new RN staff member asks you about the difference between QA and QI. You explain the difference by giving an example of QI.
a. “Last year, the management team established new outcomes that addressed issues such as medication errors.
b. “At a staff meeting last year, two of our staff commented on the number of recent falls and asked, ‘What can we do about it?’”
c. “A process audit was done recently to determine how much time was being spent on patient documentation.”
d. “Errors are reported on our new computerized forms, and I follow up with staff to make sure that they understand the seriousness of their error.”
11. Healthcare organization X is committed to improving patient outcomes and, as part of the QI process, examines its executive structure and organizational design. This approach recognizes:
a. the importance of decentralized structure in QA.
b. that structure influences nurse burnout and participation in quality improvement initiatives.
c. the need to ensure sufficient supervisory staff to respond in a corrective manner when mistakes occur.
d. that a narrow hierarchy ensures accountability for errors and outcomes.
12. Hospital ABCD is a Magnet® hospital. One reason this designation has been applied to Hospital ABCD because it:
a. facilitates active staff participation in decision making related to quality nursing care.
b. has implemented a graduate nurse orientation program.
c. espouses commitment to excellence in patient care.
d. is establishing career ladders for nurses.
13. A nursing-led classification system that has led to greater reliability and standardization in data utilized for QI processes is:
a. NANDA.
b. AHRQ.
c. NIOSH.
d. nursing process.
14. In determining the relationship between injury-producing falls and proposed preventive measures as part of the QI process, a QI team might turn to which of the following for confirmatory evidence?
a. NDNQI
b. NANDA
c. NIOSH
d. AHRQ
15. A method commonly used in quality assurance to monitor adherence to established standards is:
a. a Pareto chart.
b. brainstorming.
c. patient interviews.
d. chart audit.
16. Hospital Magnet® decides against creating a separate department to lead and monitor quality activities because:
a. total organizational involvement is critical to QI.
b. data generated by a single, separate department are generally flawed.
c. monitoring and commitment to QI can come only from senior-level managers.
d. staff resent suggestions for improvement that originate outside of their unit.
17. As a nurse manager, you know that the satisfaction of patients is critical in making QI decisions. You propose to circulate a questionnaire to discharged patients, asking about their experiences on your unit. Your supervisor cautions you to also consider other sources of data for decisions because:
a. the return rate on patient questionnaires is frequently low.
b. patients are rarely reliable sources about their own hospital experiences.
c. hospital experiences are frequently obscured by pain, analgesics, and other factors affecting awareness.
d. patients are reliable sources about their own experiences but are limited in their ability to gauge clinical competence of staff.
18. An example of an effective patient outcome statement is:
a. eighty percent of all patients admitted to the Emergency Department will be seen by a nurse practitioner within 3 hours of presentation in the Emergency Department.
b. patients with cardiac diagnoses will be referred to cardiac rehabilitation programs.
c. the hospital will reduce costs by 3% through the annual budget process.
d. quality is a desired element in patient transactions.
19. Patient perceptions are useful in:
a. determining disciplinary actions in QI.
b. establishing the competitive advantage of QI decisions.
c. providing one source of data for QI initiatives.
d. establishing blame for poor-quality care.
20. Through the QI process, the need to transform and change the admissions process across administrative and patient care units is identified. In this particular situation, what method of data organization will be most effective?
a. Flowchart
b. Histogram
c. Narrative
d. Line graphs
21. A nursing unit is interested in refining its self-medication processes. In beginning this process, the team is interested in how frequently errors occur with different patients. To assist with visualizing this question, which organizational tool is most appropriate?
a. Histogram
b. Flowchart
c. Fishbone diagram
d. Pareto chart
22. The outcome statement “Patients will experience a ten percent reduction in urinary tract infections as a result of enhanced staff training related to catheterization and prompted voiding” is:
a. physician-sensitive and nonmeasurable.
b. measurable and nursing-sensitive.
c. precise, measurable, and physician-sensitive.
d. patient care–centered and nonmeasurable.
23. Your institution has identified a recent rise in postsurgical infection rates. As part of your QI analysis, you are interested in determining how your infection rates compare with those of institutions of equivalent size and patient demographics. This is known as:
a. quality assurance.
b. sentinel data.
c. benchmarking.
d. statistical analysis.
24. At Hospital Alpha, there has been a 20% increase in instruments and sponges being left in patients during surgery and surgeries on the wrong limbs. These are known as:
a. sentinel events.
b. medically sensitive events.
c. nurse-sensitive events.
d. Never Events.
1. Examples of sentinel events include: (Select all that apply.)
a. forceps left in an abdominal cavity.
b. patient fall, with injury.
c. short staffing.
d. administration of morphine overdose.
e. death of patient related to postpartum hemorrhage.
