Vincent Voltaire
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Psychology Quiz am Chapter 4 - part 3: The Visual System: Perceptual Processes, erstellt von Vincent Voltaire am 09/02/2020.

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Chapter 4 - part 3: The Visual System: Perceptual Processes

Frage 1 von 40

1

Which of the following concepts helps to explain why three people could look at the same sketch and report
seeing three different things?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • sensory readiness

  • perceptual set

  • cognitive interpretation

  • stimulus ambiguity

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Frage 2 von 40

1

What do we mean when we say that perception is influenced by a perceptual set?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The brain is only capable of perceiving so many things.

  • People often perceive what they expect to perceive.

  • Perception is based on detection of specific features.

  • Perception is less about the person and more about the situation.

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Frage 3 von 40

1

Mike and Sandy were walking down the street, and Mike was telling Sandy a story about a party he went to. As
they were walking, a car full of clowns drove past and waved at them. Sandy waved back. Later, Mike reported
truthfully that he had never seen the clowns and did not notice that Sandy waved at them. Which of the following
could explain this apparent lapse in perception?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • inattentional blindness

  • bottom-up processing

  • hyperfocus

  • phi phenomenon

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Frage 4 von 40

1

Feature analysis assumes that we progress from individual elements to the whole in the formation of our
perceptions. Which of the following processes describes feature analysis?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • bottom-up

  • perceptual set

  • subjective processing

  • top-down

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Frage 5 von 40

1

Vanessa describes a new melody that she heard at a concert by telling you each of the individual notes in the
order that they were played. In providing this type of description, which type of processing does Vanessa appear
to use?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • opponent process

  • bottom-up

  • figure-ground

  • top-down

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Frage 6 von 40

1

Sima was listening to a tape recording of a famous speech that was being played backward. She just heard
gibberish until a classmate told her that the phrase “meet me in St. Louis” was clearly spoken. The tape was
rewound and as Sima listened she clearly heard the phrase this time. Which of the following models of perception
is illustrated by Sima’s ability to detect the phrase the second time through the tape?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Gestalt

  • bottom-up processing

  • top-down processing

  • opponent process

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Frage 7 von 40

1

Which type of processing is most important for the ability to rapidly process words that you are reading?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • lateral

  • bottom-up

  • top-down

  • feature analysis

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Frage 8 von 40

1

Tracy has terrible handwriting, and many of her individual characters are tough to tell apart, but her roommate is
able to read her notes just fine. Which of the following types of processing allows Tracy’s roommate to read the
notes?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • feature analysis

  • opponent processing

  • bottom-up processing

  • top-down processing

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Frage 9 von 40

1

Which of the following is an example of the phi phenomenon?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • mixing of coloured lights to produce different colours

  • flashing lights that produce the illusion of movement

  • drawing a two-dimensional image that shows depth

  • seeing a reversible figure differently after priming

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Frage 10 von 40

1

The lights around the movie marquee flashed on and off in succession. However, Jerome did not perceive them
as separate lights flashing, but instead saw a continuous band of light moving around the edge of the marquee.
What is this type of perception known as?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • phi phenomenon

  • perceptual set

  • feature detection

  • bottom-up processing

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Frage 11 von 40

1

Shelby created an animated scene using her computer. She drew a frog as he started to jump, and then drew the
frog landing. The computer created 10 pictures between these two points, each of which adjusted the frog’s
position very slightly. When the entire sequence of 12 pictures is displayed in rapid succession, the frog appears
to hop smoothly. Which of the following leads to this perception of animation?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • phi phenomenon

  • perceptual set

  • bottom-up processing

  • feature detection

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Frage 12 von 40

1

Why is it difficult to see a chameleon that has blended in with its background?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Perceptually, the chameleon and the background share a common fate.

  • The illusion of relative size leads us to think that the chameleon has disappeared.

  • We cannot easily distinguish between figure and ground in this case.

  • The perceptual principle of shape constancy prevents us from seeing the chameleon.

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Frage 13 von 40

1

Zachary is looking at a reversible figure that first appears to be a vase and then appears to be two faces. His
perception of the figure keeps switching between these two interpretations. What causes the switch in
perception?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The Gestalt principle of simplicity doesn’t work for reversible figures.

  • The figure-ground distinction in reversible figures is often ambiguous.

  • The Gestalt principles of proximity and closure are both at work in reversible figures.

  • Reversible figures cause people to experience the phi phenomenon.

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Frage 14 von 40

1

What becomes inverted in paintings or drawings that lead to ambiguous interpretations?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • open processing and closed processing

  • figure and ground

  • sensation and perception

  • top and bottom

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Frage 15 von 40

1

What does the Gestalt principle of proximity state?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Figure and ground can be ambiguous.

  • Objects nearer to each other are seen as forming a unit.

  • Bottom-up processing is more likely with close items.

  • Centre-surround cells that are closer fire more often.

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Frage 16 von 40

1

Natalie looked out her apartment window at the traffic jam below. There was very little space between the front
of one car and the rear of the next, but there were wide spaces between the side of one car and the side of
another car. Which of the following Gestalt principles explains why Natalie saw several rows of cars, rather than
a cluster of cars?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • proximity

  • simplicity

  • similarity

  • closure

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Frage 17 von 40

1

During the halftime show of the football game, the cheerleaders did a routine where they used red and blue
pompoms. At one point, they held all of their pompoms in a pattern so that the blue ones formed the shape of the
team’s logo. Which Gestalt principle is illustrated in this example?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • closure

  • proximity

  • similarity

  • simplicity

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Frage 18 von 40

1

Because of which Gestalt principle do we often perceive a series of dots on a printed form as a “solid” line?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • constancy

  • closure

  • symmetry

  • similarity

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Frage 19 von 40

1

When Justin looked up at the night sky, he perceived the three stars that make up the belt in the constellation
Orion as a line, rather than as individual stars. Which Gestalt principle does Justin’s perception of the night sky
illustrate?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • figure-ground

  • similarity

  • closure

  • proximity

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Frage 20 von 40

1

Christina was skiing down a hill when the trail broke into two separate trails. One trail turned off at sharp angle
and looked to Christina like a new trail; the second trail appeared to be the same trail that she had been on.
Which Gestalt principle is illustrated by this example?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • continuity

  • similarity

  • proximity

  • commonality

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Frage 21 von 40

1

You are looking at a book. What type of stimulus is the book, from a perceptual perspective?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • sensory

  • Gestalt

  • distal

  • proximal

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Frage 22 von 40

1

You interpret a trapezoid shape projected on your retina as a rectangular book. What have you just formulated?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • perceptual set

  • psychophysical law

  • perceptual hypothesis

  • Gestalt principle

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Frage 23 von 40

1

The disparity between the images on the left and right retinas is used for depth perception. If there is greater
disparity for the left and right images of your coffee cup, and less disparity for the left and right images of your
pen, then which of the following is true?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Your cup is closer to your right eye.

  • Your cup is closer to your left eye.

  • Your cup is closer than your pen.

  • Your pen is closer than your cup.

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Frage 24 von 40

1

Stacia has lost all of her vision in her left eye. What will happen to Stacia’s perceptual abilities?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • She will lose her ability to perceive colours accurately.

  • She will be more vulnerable to perceptual illusions that incorporate differences in relative line length.

  • She will no longer be able to utilize convergence as a perceptual cue.

  • She will be unable to perceive depth.

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Frage 25 von 40

1

Which depth cue relies on information about the position of your eyes?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • relative size

  • binocular disparity

  • accommodation

  • convergence

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Frage 26 von 40

1

What increases as you keep focusing on your finger as it moves closer to your face?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • depth perception

  • acuity

  • convergence

  • motion parallax

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Frage 27 von 40

1

As Briana drove down the highway, the pickets of the fences moved past her in a blur, but the mountains in the
distance didn’t appear to move at all. What was Briana experiencing?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • binocular cue for depth called retinal disparity

  • monocular cue for depth called motion parallax

  • binocular cue for depth called convergence

  • pictorial cue for depth called texture gradient

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Frage 28 von 40

1

Tran was painting a picture of a jet on a runway; however, in his painting, the sides of the runway are parallel to
each other. His picture seems to lack depth. Which monocular depth cue has Tran failed to make use of?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • linear perspective

  • convergence

  • motion parallax

  • height in plane

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Frage 29 von 40

1

The sand at Zane’s feet appeared coarse, and he could see the individual grains of sand. However, the sand
down the beach appeared to blur together. Which depth cue is most prominent in this example?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • relative size

  • interposition

  • texture gradient

  • light and shadow

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Frage 30 von 40

1

What is interposition?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • a lens’s ability to change shape and focus light directly on the retina

  • the processing of auditory information at the cochlear level

  • an environmental depth cue in which closer objects overlap objects farther away

  • the relationship between bipolar and ganglion cells

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Frage 31 von 40

1

Gabriella was looking for shelter from the sudden cloudburst, and at first she had difficulty judging whether the
old barn or the farmhouse was closer. When she noticed that the barn partially obscured the corner of the house,
she headed for the barn. Which depth cue did Gabriella use?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • linear perspective

  • texture gradient

  • relative size

  • interposition

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Frage 32 von 40

1

Images that occupy more space on your retina are seen as nearer, relative to images that occupy less space.
What is this depth cue called?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • interposition

  • retinal disparity

  • relative size

  • accommodation

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Frage 33 von 40

1

Ashley is trying to create a small model village on the mantle of her fireplace. She bought three-inch-high figures
to put at the front of the mantle and smaller figures to put near the back that will appear to be very far away.
What depth cue is Ashley using?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • interposition

  • texture gradient

  • convergence

  • relative size

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Frage 34 von 40

1

Which of the following is implied by the phenomenon of perceptual constancy?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Movement of an object can disrupt our ability to perceive it.

  • Two objects may be perceived as being the same even though they produce different retinal images.

  • We have an easier time remembering items that have remained constant, compared to objects that have changed.

  • Our ability to perceive changes in an object is inhibited if we have been exposed to that object for an
    extended period of time.

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Frage 35 von 40

1

As I walk closer to my friend, she perceives that I am the same person even though the image on her retina
changes as I move. Which of the following terms is used for this perceptual ability?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • object permanence

  • perceptual constancy

  • accommodation

  • binocular depth perception

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Frage 36 von 40

1

Three-year-old Keeghan was flying in a plane for the first time. As the plane descended for its landing, Keeghan
became very excited because he saw all the buildings and cars get bigger and bigger. He asked his father how
big the houses would grow. Which aspect of perception FAILED in this example?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • accommodation

  • perceptual constancy

  • linear perspective

  • binocular depth cues

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Frage 37 von 40

1

Which visual illusion accounts for the fact that the corner of a building thrust toward the viewer looks shorter than
an inside corner thrust away from the viewer?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Ponzo illusion

  • illusion of relative size

  • Müller-Lyer illusion

  • horizontal-vertical illusion

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Frage 38 von 40

1

In the Ames room, people are seen to get smaller or larger as they move about. What does this demonstrate
about our perception?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The proximal stimulus is unrelated to the distal stimulus.

  • The actual distal stimuli are the primary determinants of perception.

  • Perception depends on the assumptions we make about stimuli.

  • Bottom-up processing controls most perception.

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Frage 39 von 40

1

What is the moon illusion?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • We perceive the moon to be perfectly round, when it is really elliptical.

  • We perceive the moon to be dimmer in some seasons than in others.

  • We perceive the moon to be larger on the horizon than overhead.

  • We think we see the moon when in fact it is not there.

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Frage 40 von 40

1

Which of the following is true of optical illusions?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • They are influenced by our experiences.

  • They are perceived only if your vision is compromised.

  • Once you understand the “trick,” then you won’t see the illusion anymore.

  • They are more pronounced in children.

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