The following flashcards cover questions taken from the textbook and give definitions to the vocabulary of this chapter.
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Fluid Mosaic Model
Selective Permeability
Identify six different types of functions of proteins in a plasma membrane.
In the origin of a cell, why would the formation of a simple lipid bilayer membrane not be sufficient? What else would have to be part of such a membrane?
Diffusion
Concentration Gradient
Why is diffusion across a membrane called passive transport?
Passive Transport
Osmosis
Predict the net water movement between two solutions—a 0.5% sucrose solution and a 2% sucrose solution—separated by a membrane not permeable to sucrose.
Tonicity
Isotonic
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
Osmoregulation
Facilitated Diffusion
Aquaporin
How do transport proteins contribute to a membrane’s selective permeability?
Active Transport
Cells actively transport Ca2+ out of the cell. Is calcium more concentrated inside or outside of the cell? Explain.
Exocytosis
Endocytosis
Phagocytosis
Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis
As a cell grows, its plasma membrane expands. Does this involve endocytosis or exocytosis? Explain.
Energy
Kinetic energy
Thermal energy
Heat
Potential energy
Chemical energy
Thermodynamics
First Law of Thermodynamics
Entropy
Second Law of Thermodynamics
An illustration of the two laws of thermodynamics: transformation of energy and increase in entropy
Cellular Respiration
How does the second law of thermodynamics explain the diffusion of a solute across a membrane?
Exergonic Reaction
Endergonic Reactions
Metabolism
Metabolic Pathway
Energy Coupling
Remembering that energy must be conserved, what do you think becomes of the energy extracted from food during cellular respiration?
ATP
Phosphorylation
Explain how ATP transfers energy from exergonic to endergonic processes in the cell.
Activation energy
Enzymes
The effect of an enzyme in lowering the activation energy
Substrate
Active Site
The catalytic cycle of an enzyme
Induced Fit
Cofactor
Coenzyme
Explain how an enzyme speeds up a specific reaction.
Inhibitor
Competitive Inhibitor
How inhibitors interfere with substrate binding
Noncompetitive Inhibitor
Feedback Inhibition
Explain an advantage of feedback inhibition to a cell.
What determines whether enzyme inhibition is reversible or irreversible?
