The focus of conflict theory is on social structures or what has been called the __________ level.

According to consensus theory what notion is the idea that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts?

What theory assumes the equivalence of humans with other species?

What philosopher began the notion of nonsummantivity?

In a wholes view, _______ means making cuts or divisions such that relational wholes are retained.

According to Hanson what is the single most significant idea in the wholes approach?

Once people being to ______ the strictures of conventional theory and science a new way of seeing things emerges that helps to capture things that remain just outside the grips of conventional viewing lenses.

What television show is Hanson’s favorite example for nonsummativity?

Pavlov’s experiment on dogs concluded that learning was________

Wiener picked this term to name the observed ability of systems to steer themselves.

Because everything is related to everything in a system, there is no such thing as an ________ without causal status.

What refers to the phenomena of interests that are a cooperative, or joint, creation?

The key to understanding change is to see it as having both components of what changes and what stays the same rather than just ______ alone.

What refers to the ability of a system to reintroduce output to input?

What feedback refers to a feedback where there is change?

In general, the continuity of a system is served by____________ feedback.

What refers to the idea that you can get a number of different results from the same stimuli?

What is a specific type of output that is driven by other processes of emotion and communication?

Emotions as an overriding characteristic of human groups renders the causal position of content _________?

People act not on objects, but rather on the _______ objects have for them?

The two principle lines of thought that can be woven into a wholes approach to meaning are symbolic interactionism and ________ thought.

What captures the notion that because meaning is specific to context, systems of logic are parallel?

Hanson takes the definition of _______ as information in the broadest possible sense in order to allow for a broad range of kinds of information exchange in various systems.

Report is pure information, while ________ is how to interpret this information.

According to Hanson there is no such thing as no __________.

A situation that is inherently contradictory, intense and inescapable.

What denotes the author’s reference to emotion as a characteristic of human groups that is above or beyond rationality?

The concept of suprarationality has four components that place emotion above and beyond rationality are equifinality & multifinality, cybernetics, context, and _________.

Which kind of emotions are considered we-emotions?

Emotions can be thought of as overriding various forms of human behavior, an on/off or circuit interrupter switch that may forestall or amplify all other processes. This is because emotions are considered ____________.

Changing a product in social process via policy can only be effective if a _________ approach is used.

What is thought of as refinement of theory?

It is possible that during the _________ the desire to move science away from deity led to the denial or discard of emotions.

The issue of meaning in the science of human groups involves approximation ___________meaning sets.

What refers to the number of different kinds of information that become data?

Wholes or general systems theory approach is considered _____________ in that it can be applied across many disciplines to consider any form of substantive issue where there are two or more related parts, such as biology, computer science, family therapy, medicine, or psychology.

A theory which focuses on social structures and assumes people are pitted against one another in the struggle to get resources is ___________________.

The focus of conflict theory is at the __________ level, whereas the focus of symbolic interactionism on the everyday life of face-to-face interaction in human groups is at the __________ level.

Nonsummativity is a concept encouraging therapists to ____________.

Tammy is a 2-year-old girl who has begun to potty train. Each time Tammy successfully uses her potty, her mom does the potty dance to celebrate with her, gives her a high five, and a sticker, which Tammy finds both amusing and fun. This is an example of ________________.

Hanson equivocates trying to figure out the whole world by taking it apart into components is like trying to unscramble eggs. Her goal is to illustrate ____________.

The idea of nonsummativity implies that ______________.

Change in one part of the system _____________.

Two or more parts related or interconnected such that change in any one part changes all parts is known as ___________.

Unprotected sex resulting in pregnancy or a sexually transmitted infection is an example of ________________.

A true systems thinker recognizes the importance of discarding ______________ as a target of analysis.

The classic example utilized to demonstrate both positive and negative feedback is the _____________.

Getting the same result from a variety of stimuli is ______________.

Because time is linked to a notion of equifinal and multifinal results, there is a means to move models of potential effects (intended or unintended) through________ time frames.

The issue of content is simultaneously an issue of ___________.

Context does not need to be in any fixed causal position because content is ________.

Humans are not just considered simple stimulus – response of input - output relays, they are ________, capable of refracting and interpreting, any objective stimuli.

___________ captures the notion that because meaning is specific to context, systems of logic are __________.

Attention to report and command spawned the theory that ___________ between these two aspect of communication could contribute to the origins of _________.

_________________ is a form of emotional pattern of uneven corrections; whereas ________________ reflects context, where emotional connections are wide open and shared equally.

How information fits into theories is best known as ______________.

According to Hanson, how are science and theory related within a wholes approach?

Using language such as “human experience, contexts, and wisdoms” means speaking in terms of ____________.

The task of _______ is to dig into the unconscious and release pent up frustration and self-disgust by hypnotizing or looking at the dreams of the patient, or analysand.

______ are ideas, often abstractions, which are developed in order to explain something such that you can move from the general.

A ______ can be defined as any two or more parts that are related, such that change in any one part changes all parts.

What refers to the inference of relationships between things such that the combination brings about a result?

What is a situation that is inherently contradictory, intense, and inescapable?

Consensus Theory has 3 central notions which of the following is NOT one of them?

Conflict Theory has its roots in the work of?

Humans behave in accordance with how they are trained by a series of rewards and punishments is an idea from which theory?

___________ refers to how we divide up the world in order to study it

_____________ refers to the phenomena of interest that are cooperative, or joint, creation.

“Damned if you do, damned if you don’t” sums up the principal of?

Humans interpret and create a world of _________ that mediates all behavior

Gestures, voice tone and sequence are all example of?

The central features of emotion include?

Observing pieces one after another, rather than at separated time points and inferring the linkages refers to?

A higher order, overarching, characteristic of human groups that can be seen as a characteristic of relationships rather than individuals is speaking about?

Which is an example of co-emergence?

Which is an example of positive feedback?

To capture the idea that there is information exchanged that lets participants know how to interpret information is the definition for ____________.

What does Hanson say is central to human behavior?

What model allows for emergent contextual emotion?

A _________________science is one where impressions, constructions, and interpretations become the front and center focus of inquiry, rather than bias or noise to be drilled out.

The consensus theory follows the assumption that:

Conflict Theory focuses on all the following except:

In nonsummativity it is important to look at ___________.

In a causal system, which two are always present?

Hanson believes change is achieved by:

The double bind concept draws on the concept of _____________ and ______________.

Sigmund Freud posited a tripartite model of human nature, all of these are part of Freud's model except_______.

In Pavlov’s experiment with dog’s what was the stimulus and reaction?

The two principle lines of thought that can be woven into a wholes approach to meaning are __________.

Micro is to___________________ as Macro is to_____________________

The conventional theories approach is formed on assumption(s), where as the wholes approach focuses on __________.

Historically research divides the research variables to “understand” particular phenomena, how does the wholes approach respond to this idea.

Neglect of the wholes leads to____________.

Statistical techniques are lacking in our field for analyzing _____________data.

A direct cause and effect relationship between stimulus and response is inferred by what type of causality?

Multiple expressions for snow like “corn”, “powder”, “boilerplate”, “manmade” and “corduroy” is an example of how human groups have capability of developing ____________.

A parallogical view offers that while there is no single point, there are points, this is an idea that contradicts _____________.

The concept of ______________ discards the notion that there is such thing as mental heath or illness, instead focus becomes on why one person instead of another is taken as sick under like conditions.

“You look so pretty, no one will notice how much weight you have gained.”

The idea that emotion can override various forms of human behavior.

Symbolic interactionism begins with the idea that people are what?

Blame is not compatible with general systems theory because it involves _______ thinking rather than circular.

_______ is the ability of a system to reintroduce output as input in order to maintain homeostasis.

Emotion is different from meaning and communication because it is _________.

_________ is significant for theory and is founded in the idea that the whole is more than the sum of its parts. For example: Two men buy their wives chocolate treats for Valentine’s Day. The first wife thinks her husband is being sweet and thoughtful. The second wife gets mad because she is on a diet and thinks her husband is not supporting her while she’s trying to lose weight. Although both husbands did the same thing, they each received different reactions because the _______ is different.

A married couple starts arguing because she nags and presses. The husband then withdraws. As he withdraws, she nags and pushes him harder. Both enter into a “seesaw” pattern that can only continue if they both play. When looking at the course of this couple’s communication and behavior pattern, which of the following terms comes into play?

A husband comes home to his wife cooking meatloaf for dinner. He goes wild and beats her up, but then apologizes while crying hysterically. A model of _____ would look long range at the patterned cycles of emotional reactions between the spouses that were redundant, hence amiable to analysis. According to this model, both spouses may recognize that a recent loss of employment may have caused tension leading to the dissipation.

Before a situation can be changed what needs to be identified?

What expresses the idea that when you act on a system of interrelated parts, you cannot gauge the effects based on knowledge of the input alone.

Which is an example of noncommunication?

Which famous scholar did extensive work around the nature-nurture debate with ducks?

Who concluded that learning is conditioned?

A double bind is a situation that is inherently not which of the following?

Which of the following is not viewed as co-emergent?

What is thought of as the refinement of theory?

The connection to a baby sucking on his hands and having an oral fixation in adulthood is in relation to ___________________ theory?

What is the main idea of the wholes approach in connection with theories?

The concept of context should be viewed in all of the following except ___________.

Using language like “human experience” rather than “the world” are thinking in the contexts of ______________________.

Cybernetics is the study of the self-regulating properties of systems. The word “cyber” is derived from ___________, which reflects the notion of steering.

In analysis based in a wholes approach, the relational unit is never broken down past the minimum of ______ interrelated parts.

According to Hanson, blame is incompatible with general systems theory approach in that it violates the principle of ________.

A wholes approach stresses that _______ is not singular and universal, but subjective and context dependent.

Hanson’s stressing of the need for finding a way rather than the way reflects the concept of ________ rather than _______.

Which theorist believes humans are driven by subconscious desires?

The idea that patterns of relationships are at the heart of individual problems such as eating disorders or abuse is an example of:

How does the wholes approach define causality?

Which example best fits the concept of multifinality?

Which example best fits the concept of equifinality?

Alice has been dating her boyfriend for two months and has waited patiently for him to kiss her. Finally, after Algebra class, he kisses her on the cheek. She walks to her locker in a blissful haze and cannot remember her combination. This is an example of what type of emotion?

When observing sequence in an intimate relationship, face-to-face interaction will be:

Reality is _____, meaning is _______, and therefore context is _____?

Comparing Hanson’s two concepts “Realities” and “Parallogic” all are similarities except?

How would Hanson best describe “Black Box Humans” compared to “Meaning Model Humans”?

All of these are tools that can be used to understand general systems theory approach except?

__________ reflects contexts where emotional connections are wide open and shared equally.

Shortages in terms of emotional connections being translated into surface patterns are considered patterns of uneven connections or __________.

In a parallogic view, what must be done before judging an event or situation?

What two kinds of behavioral data does Hanson believe are “relevant to the conception of realities and a multiverse?”