Selah Lowery
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Spring 2020 Biology 102: Intro Bio:Biodiversity/Ecology

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Selah Lowery
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Biology 102, Exam 2

Biology 102, Exam 2

Frage 1 von 42

1

There are 400 A1A1, 400 A1A2, and 200A2A2 individuals in a population. What are the allele frequencies?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • 0.4 A1A1, 0.4 A1A2, 0.2 A2A2

  • 0.4 A1, 0.2 A2

  • 0.5 A1, 0.5 A2

  • 0.6 A1, 0.4 A2

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Frage 2 von 42

1

In a randomly mating population with allele frequencies of 0.6 A1 and 0.4 A2, What are the expected genotypic frequencies in the next generation?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • 0.36 A1 A1, 0.48 A1A2, and 0.16 A2A2

  • 0.36 A1 A1, 0.24 A1A2, and 0.16 A2A2

  • 0.6 A1 A1, 0.24 A1A2, and 0.4 A2A2

  • 0.6 A1 and 0.4 A2

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Frage 3 von 42

1

In a sample from a population there are: 400 A1 A1, 400 A1A2, and 200 A2A2 individuals. Is this population in genetic equilibrium?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Yes, because the genotype frequencies are 0.4 A1 A1, 0.4 A1A2, and 0.2 A2A2

  • Yes, because the allele frequencies sum to 1.

  • Probably not, because there are fewer heterozygotes than expected.

  • Probably not, because there are fewer homozygotes than expected.

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Frage 4 von 42

1

In a sample the following phenotypes of snail shell color were observed: 230 Brown (BB), 740 Pink (BW), 30 Cream (WW). What are the frequencies of the B and W alleles?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • B: 0.97; W 0.03

  • B: 0.91; W 0.09

  • B: 0.7; W 0.3

  • B. 0.6; W 0.4

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Frage 5 von 42

1

In a sample the following phenotypes of snail shell color were observed: 230 Brown (BB), 740 Pink (BW), 30 Cream (WW). What are the expected genotype frequencies in the population?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • BB: 0.23; BW: 0.74; WW: 0.03

  • BB: 0.36; BW: 0.48; WW: 0.16

  • BB: 0.46; BW: 0.37; WW: 0.17

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Frage 6 von 42

1

In a sample the following phenotypes of snail shell color were observed: 230 Brown (BB), 740 Pink (BW), 30 Cream (WW). Is the population in genetic equilibrium?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Yes, because it is a large sample.

  • Yes, because allele frequencies sum to 1.

  • No, because there are more homozygotes than expected.

  • No, because there are more heterozygotes than expected.

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Frage 7 von 42

1

In a sample from a large population there are: 6 A1 A1, 8 A1A2, and 6 A2A2 individuals. Is this population in genetic equilibrium?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Yes, because the allele frequencies are 0.5 A1 and 0.5 A2.

  • No, because there are more heterozygotes than expected.

  • Maybe.

  • Maybe not.

  • Cannot determine from this data.

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Frage 8 von 42

1

What are the basic entities or units of evolutionary change-- what is it that evolves?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Individuals

  • Families

  • Populations

  • Species

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Frage 9 von 42

1

Which of the following was the first to propose the idea of biological evolution?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Plato

  • Aristotle

  • Lamarck

  • Darwin

  • We don't know.

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Frage 10 von 42

1

Formal biological taxonomy, developing the general form that we still use, began in the 18th century with the work of:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Darwin

  • Hutton

  • Lamarck

  • Linnaeus

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Frage 11 von 42

1

According to Lamarck’s hypothesis giraffes evolved long necks because:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • of natural selection.

  • they acquire mutations during development.

  • of the higher fitness of long‐neck giraffes relative to short‐neck ones.

  • giraffes stretch their necks while feeding, and the elongation from this stretching is passed on to their offspring.

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Frage 12 von 42

1

A major contribution of Darwin’s geological and paleontological predecessors and contemporaries to the development of his thought was the idea of:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • natural selection.

  • survival of the fittest.

  • the great age of Earth.

  • inheritance of acquired characteristics.

  • lineage diversification.

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Frage 13 von 42

1

Cotton‐topped tamarins are small primates with tufts of long white hair on their heads. While studying these creatures, you notice that males with longer hair get more opportunities to mate and father more offspring. To test the hypothesis that having longer hair is adaptive in these males, you should:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Test whether other traits in these males are also adaptive

  • Look for evidence of hair in ancestors of tamarins

  • Determine if hair length is heritable

  • Test whether males with shaved heads are still able to mate

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Frage 14 von 42

1

Which of the following is not a part of Darwin’s mechanism of biological evolution?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Over production of offspring.

  • Acquiring adaptations because they are needed.

  • Differential reproductive success.

  • Heritable variation.

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Frage 15 von 42

1

What is perhaps occurring in a large population with genotype frequencies AA: 0.2, Aa: 0.2, aa: 0.6?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Mutation

  • Inbreeding

  • Genetic drift

  • Selection

  • Gene flow

Erklärung

Frage 16 von 42

1

What is most likely occurring in a very small population with genotype frequencies AA: 0.2, Aa: 0.2, aa: 0.6?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Mutation

  • Inbreeding

  • Genetic drift

  • Selection

  • Gene flow

Erklärung

Frage 17 von 42

1

What is most likely occurring in a large population with genotype frequencies AA: 0.2, Aa: 0.2, aa: 0.6?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Mutation

  • Inbreeding

  • Genetic drift

  • Selection

  • Gene flow

Erklärung

Frage 18 von 42

1

Natural selection operates primarily at the level of:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Genes

  • Individuals

  • Population

  • Species

  • Communities

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Frage 19 von 42

1

What do artificial selection and natural selection have in common?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • There must be heritable genetic variation on which selection can operate.

  • Mutation must be occurring.

  • Nothing.

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Frage 20 von 42

1

Differential reproductive success is equivalent to:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Evolution

  • Natural selection

  • Competition

  • Adaptation

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Frage 21 von 42

1

If there are no fitness differences among individuals in a population:

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • The individuals are well adapted.

  • Mutation will cause variation in the population to increase.

  • Natural selection cannot occur.

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Frage 22 von 42

1

What are species?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Populations whose members are morphologically distinct from those of other populations.

  • Populations which are reproductively isolated from other populations for a long period of time.

  • The tips of divergent evolutionary lineages-- the smallest monophyletic groups on a phylogenetic tree.

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Frage 23 von 42

1

What do the different species concepts have in common?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • All are used to try to identify evolutionarily independent populations.

  • All focus on reproductive isolating mechanisms.

  • None can be applied to fossil organisms.

  • Except as criteria for naming species they have nothing in common.

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Frage 24 von 42

1

For which group/taxon does the biological species concept not apply especially well?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Humans

  • Bacteria

  • Dinosaurs

  • Flowering plants

  • Fossil diatoms

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Frage 25 von 42

1

Speciation results from:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Gene flow and genetic divergence.

  • Gene flow and genetic isolation.

  • Genetic isolation and genetic divergence.

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Frage 26 von 42

1

What does “allopatric” mean?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Having different alleles.

  • Having different genes.

  • In different places.

  • In the same place.

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Frage 27 von 42

1

Allopatric speciation begins with:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Geographical isolation.

  • Genetic divergence.

  • Genetic drift.

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Frage 28 von 42

1

What is another term for genetic isolation?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Geographical isolation

  • Reproductive isolation

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Frage 29 von 42

1

The most important evolutionary mechanisms in allopatric speciation are:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Natural selection and postzygotic reproductive isolation.

  • Natural selection and genetic drift.

  • Natural selection and nonrandom mating.

  • Mutation and nonrandom mating.

Erklärung

Frage 30 von 42

1

What happens when formerly geographically isolated populations come together?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Reinforcement maintains reproductive isolation.

  • The two gene pools fuse, becoming one.

  • A hybrid zone forms.

  • A new species evolves.

  • One population/gene pool goes extinct.

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Frage 31 von 42

1

If two formerly geographically isolated bird species/populations come into contact and readily interbreed, but the hybrid eggs do not hatch, what is most likely to happen?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Selection will act on both populations to produce hybrid embryos that hatch.

  • Selection will operate to increase prezygotic isolation of the two species/populations.

  • Prezygotic isolating mechanisms such as mating calls or behavioral differences between the two populations/species will decrease.

  • Postzygotc isolation between the two populations/species will decrease.

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Frage 32 von 42

1

What does “sympatric” mean?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Having similar alleles.

  • Having similar genes.

  • In different places.

  • In the same place.

Erklärung

Frage 33 von 42

1

Which mode of selection often plays an especially important part in sympatric speciation?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Directional

  • Disruptive/ Diversifying

  • Sexual

  • Stabilizing

Erklärung

Frage 34 von 42

1

What are phylogenies?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Models depicting evolutionary mechanisms.

  • Hypotheses of evolutionary relationships among taxa.

  • Graphical representation of morphological similarities.

  • “Maps” of evolutionary relationships.

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Frage 35 von 42

1

The three domains of life are

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya

  • Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia

  • Ecosystems, Organisms, and Cells

  • Plants, fungi, animals, and protists

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Frage 36 von 42

1

Nodes in a graphical phylogenetic hypothesis (cladogram):

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Represent the shared common ancestor of a clade.

  • Identify the point of divergence of lineages in a clade.

  • Identify a clade’s analogous structures.

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Frage 37 von 42

1

Which would be most useful in elucidating phylogeny (relatedness)?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Homologies.

  • Analogies.

  • Both are equally useful.

  • Neither are very useful for inferring relatedness.

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Frage 38 von 42

1

Homologous structures reflect:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Shared ancestry.

  • Similarity of function.

  • Convergent evolution.

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Frage 39 von 42

1

Analogous structures reflect:

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Shared ancestry.

  • Similarity of function.

  • Convergent evolution.

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Frage 40 von 42

1

The bones of the flipper of a penguin (bird) and a dolphin (mammal) – both tetrapods – are_____; the functional flippers are______ .

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • analogous; homologous

  • analogous; analogous also

  • homologous; analogous

  • homologous; homologous also

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Frage 41 von 42

1

Sea snakes, which are reptiles, are similar in body form to eels, which are fish. Sea snakes and eels therefore share a______ body form.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • analogous

  • homologous

  • ancestral

  • monophyletic

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Frage 42 von 42

1

The phylogenetic hypothesis most likely to be correct is the one:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • With the fewest homologies.

  • With the fewest analogies.

  • With the most analogies.

  • With the most homologies.

Erklärung

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