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Microorganism MCQs (ALL)

Microorganism MCQs (ALL)

Frage 1 von 90

1

A microbe growing in a functioning refrigerator is probably a:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Psychrophile

  • Mesophile

  • Thermophile

  • Hyperthermophile

Erklärung

Frage 2 von 90

1

A microbe isolated from deep in the ocean could best be characterized as a:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Psychrophile.

  • Mesophile.

  • Barophile and psychrophile

  • Barophile.

Erklärung

Frage 3 von 90

1

Addition of blood to a culture medium only allows the haemolytic bacteria that grow on the plate to be picked out. This is an example of a:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Selective medium

  • Differential medium

  • Complex medium

  • Synthetic medium

Erklärung

Frage 4 von 90

1

All organisms require the following macronutrients:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Potassium, magnesium, zinc

  • Phosphorus, cobalt, manganese

  • Calcium, potassium, zinc

  • Phosphorus, potassium, magnesium

Erklärung

Frage 5 von 90

1

Almost all medically important microbes are:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Chemolithoautotrophs

  • Photoorganoheterotrophs

  • Photolithoautotrophs

  • Chemoorganoheterotrophs

Erklärung

Frage 6 von 90

1

An extremophilic microbe is one which:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Can survive dry conditions

  • Can grow only when there is a mixture of stress parameters (e.g. high temperatures and low pH)

  • Can grow optimally under extreme conditions

  • Becomes dormant under extreme conditions

Erklärung

Frage 7 von 90

1

Biochemical synthesis of new cell material is called:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Metabolism.

  • Anabolism.

  • Catabolism.

  • Synthatabolism.

Erklärung

Frage 8 von 90

1

Carl Woese of the University of Illinois and his collaborators identified two major branches of prokaryotic evolution. What was the basis for dividing prokaryotes into two domains?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Microscopic examination of the staining characteristics of the cell wall

  • Metabolic characteristics such as the production of methane gas

  • Ecological characteristics such as the ability to survive extreme temperatures

  • Molecular characteristics such as ribosomal RNA sequences

Erklärung

Frage 9 von 90

1

Carrier mediated transport is necessary when:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Diffusion will not allow adequate amounts of a substance to enter the cell

  • Movement into the cell is against a concentration gradient

  • The level of nutrients in nature is very low

  • All of the above

Erklärung

Frage 10 von 90

1

Catalase is indispensable to:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Obligate anaerobes

  • Aerotolerant anaerobes

  • Aerobes

  • All of the above

Erklärung

Frage 11 von 90

1

Chemical energy is released when organic or inorganic compounds are:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Reduced

  • Incorporated into larger molecules

  • Synthesized

  • Oxidized

Erklärung

Frage 12 von 90

1

Denitrification is a process by which:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Nitrogen gas is fixed by microorganisms

  • Nitrates are reduced to nitrogen gas

  • Nitrates are reduced to ammonia

  • Nitrogen is assimilated into cellular material

Erklärung

Frage 13 von 90

1

Incorporation of atmospheric N2 to NH4+ occurs via the process of:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Nitrogen fixation.

  • Nitrification.

  • Denitrification.

  • None of the above, atmospheric N2 cannot be incorporated into NH4+

Erklärung

Frage 14 von 90

1

MacConkey agar selects for:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Gram-negative bacteria

  • Gram-positive bacteria

  • Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria

  • Haemolytic microorganisms

Erklärung

Frage 15 von 90

1

Modes of obtaining nutrition, used by at least some bacteria, include all of the following EXCEPT:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Chemolithoautrophy

  • Photolithoautrophy

  • Chemoheteroautrophy

  • Chemoorganoheterotrophy

Erklärung

Frage 16 von 90

1

Photoautotophs use:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Light as an energy source and CO2 as a carbon source

  • Light as an energy and methane as a carbon source

  • CO2 as both an energy source and a carbon source

  • All of the above

Erklärung

Frage 17 von 90

1

Siderophores:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Act as a solvent for iron and transport it into the cells

  • Are a key component of cytochromes

  • Help maintain osmotic balance in seawater microbes

  • Develop when errors in membrane synthesis occur

Erklärung

Frage 18 von 90

1

The cardinal temperatures are the:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Minimum temperatures

  • Optimum temperatures

  • Maximum temperatures

  • Minimum, optimum, and maximum temperatures taken together

Erklärung

Frage 19 von 90

1

The CORRECT way to write this microbe’s name is

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • bacillus subtilis (italics)

  • Bacillus subtilis

  • Bacillus Subtilis (italics)

  • Bacillus subtilis (italics)

Erklärung

Frage 20 von 90

1

The signature sequence is used extensively in the:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Phylogenetic probe

  • Reclassification of misclassified organisms

  • Defining of a specific group within a domain

  • All of the above

Erklärung

Frage 21 von 90

1

The size (as determined by the sedimentation factor) of the most useful RNA molecule for prokaryotic evolutionary studies is:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • 5S

  • 16S

  • 18S

  • 23S

Erklärung

Frage 22 von 90

1

Which of the following is a macronutrient?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Manganese

  • Magnesium

  • Zinc

  • Cobalt

Erklärung

Frage 23 von 90

1

Which of the following is both a selective and a differential medium?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Nutrient broth.

  • MacConkey agar.

  • Blood agar.

  • Tryptic soya broth.

Erklärung

Frage 24 von 90

1

Which of the following forms of oxygen are generally toxic to living organisms?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Superoxide anion

  • Hydrogen peroxide

  • Hydroxyl radical

  • All of the above

Erklärung

Frage 25 von 90

1

Which of these environmental factors influence microbial growth?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • pH

  • Water potential

  • Oxygen

  • All of the above

Erklärung

Frage 26 von 90

1

Which prokaryotes should be expected to be most strongly resistant to plasmolysis in hypertonic environments?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Extreme halophiles

  • Extreme thermophiles

  • Methanogens

  • Nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in root nodules

Erklärung

Frage 27 von 90

1

A Wild-type bacterial strain is:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • A strain with a limited number of mutations

  • An arbitrarily chosen strain

  • A strain without plasmids

  • A strain which is sensitive to antibiotics

Erklärung

Frage 28 von 90

1

Bacterial genes:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Are stretches of double stranded RNA

  • Have introns

  • Are often organised into operons

  • Are always present in two copies

Erklärung

Frage 29 von 90

1

Bacterial Genomics is:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • A study of the entire bacterial genome

  • Sequencing of the bacterial chromosome

  • A study of essential genes and genetic elements

  • Sequencing of DNA samples obtained from the environment

Erklärung

Frage 30 von 90

1

Genetic recombination is a:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Change of DNA structure caused by radiation

  • Amplification of DNA molecules followed by cell division

  • Physical exchange between DNA molecules

  • Process resulting in protein synthesis

Erklärung

Frage 31 von 90

1

Mutations are:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Chemical modifications of DNA or RNA molecules

  • Any changes of bacterial genome as compared with a wild type

  • Events resulting from genetic exchange between bacterial plasmids

  • Sequencing errors

Erklärung

Frage 32 von 90

1

Post-genomic techniques include:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Proteomics

  • Use of restriction enzymes

  • Gene sequencing

  • Studies of signal-transduction pathways

Erklärung

Frage 33 von 90

1

The bacterial genome is:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Mostly diploid but includes several haploid regions

  • A single circular DNA molecule

  • Mostly haploid

  • A double stranded RNA molecule

Erklärung

Frage 34 von 90

1

Which one of the following sentences correctly describes the science of Metagenomics?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Metagenomics is a genome level study of the whole microbial community

  • Metagenomics is a genomics of industrially and medically important bacteria

  • Metagenomics is a study of gene expression

  • Metagenomics is a comparative analysis of the sequenced microbial genomes

Erklärung

Frage 35 von 90

1

With regards to bacterial plasmids which statement is the correct one?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • A plasmid is a regulatory gene

  • A plasmid is a short RNA molecule

  • A plasmid is an extra chromosomal DNA molecule

  • A plasmid is a non coding region found in some bacterial genomes

Erklärung

Frage 36 von 90

1

A culture of E. coli is diluted by a factor of 10-6 and, after plating out 100 μl on an agar plate, 63 colonies grew after incubation at 37oC overnight. The original culture therefore contained how many viable E coli cells per ml?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • 6.3 x 10(7)

  • 6.3 x 10(8)

  • 6.3 x 10(6)

  • 6.3 x 10(5)

Erklärung

Frage 37 von 90

1

Bacterial flagella bring about cell motion by which mechanism?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Wave-like movement of the flagellum

  • Rotation of the cell

  • Rotation of the flagellum in one direction only

  • Rotation of the flagellum that is reversible

Erklärung

Frage 38 von 90

1

Koch’s postulates most CORRECTLY relate to which one of the following statements?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The isolation of a bacterium in culture from an infection alone indicates that it caused the disease

  • Isolation and cultivation of a microorganism from a diseased animal, then inoculation into another healthy animal to cause the same disease, followed by re-isolation of the same microorganism, indicates that it is the cause of the disease

  • The observation of virus particles in tissue from a human with disease indicates that it has caused the disease

  • Inoculation of a bacterium into an animal and observation of disease alone indicates that it is the cause of the disease observed

Erklärung

Frage 39 von 90

1

Pasteur is attributed with which one of the following discoveries?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Was the first to see microorganisms under a microscope

  • First to discover and use agar

  • That there could be life without air

  • The first chemical antibiotics

Erklärung

Frage 40 von 90

1

The length of a typical E. coli cell is approximately?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • 20 μm

  • 2 μm

  • 200 nm

  • 20nm

Erklärung

Frage 41 von 90

1

With regard to the differences between bacterial and eukaryotic cells which statement is the correct one?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Bacterial cells do not contain mitochondria

  • Bacterial cells are usually larger than eukaryote cells

  • Bacteria do not contain a chromosome

  • Bacterial cells are not sensitive to β-lactam antibiotics

Erklärung

Frage 42 von 90

1

With respect to differences between members of the archaeal and bacterial domains/kingdoms, which is the CORRECT statement?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Both have peptidoglycan in their cell walls

  • Only some Archaea are capable of methanogenesis

  • Archaea are sensitive to β-lactam antibiotics

  • Bacteria have similar RNA polymerase to that of Archaea

Erklärung

Frage 43 von 90

1

Which statement is correct with respect to the E.coli chromosome?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • It is negatively supercoiled

  • It is positively supercoiled

  • There are typically several origins of replication

  • It consists of over 50 million base pairs

Erklärung

Frage 44 von 90

1

Which statement is correct with respect to Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • LPS is found in Gram positive cells

  • LPS is found in Gram negative cells in the cytoplasmic membrane

  • LPS is found in the outer-membrane of Gram negative cells

  • LPS is associated with all bacterial cells

Erklärung

Frage 45 von 90

1

Which statement is correct with respect to peptidoglycan?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • There are multiple molecules of peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls

  • Only Gram positive cells possess peptidoglycan

  • There is only a single molecule of peptidoglycan in a bacterial cell wall

  • Peptidoglycan is only found in Gram negative cell walls

Erklärung

Frage 46 von 90

1

Anthrophilic dermatophytes (fungi causing cutaneous infections of humans) are primarily associated with:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Soil

  • Animals

  • Plants

  • Humans

Erklärung

Frage 47 von 90

1

Asexual reproduction in the Mastigomycotina (e.g. Phytophthora spp.) results in the formation of:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Sporangia

  • Oospores

  • Zygospores

  • Conidia

Erklärung

Frage 48 von 90

1

Black sigatoka is a:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Fungal root disease of bananas

  • Fungal foliar disease of bananas

  • Fungal fruit disease of apples

  • Fungal foliar disease of potatoes

Erklärung

Frage 49 von 90

1

Fungal growth and cell division is NOT normally accompanied by:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Biomass acquisition

  • Reduced vitality

  • Nucleic-acid replication

  • Enhanced ability to compete with other microbial species

Erklärung

Frage 50 von 90

1

Fungi primarily contribute to soil and plant health by:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Degrading sand particles to release Si

  • Facilitating desiccation of water-logged soils

  • Degrading organic matter and releasing nutrients

  • Preventing bacterial growth

Erklärung

Frage 51 von 90

1

Fungi tend to live at interfaces. Which of these statements is untrue:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • This can be where nutrients are most concentrated

  • Solid surfaces may provide anchorage

  • Other microbes, that leak useful metabolites, may inhabit such niches

  • There is typically less water on physical surfaces and fungi avoid water

Erklärung

Frage 52 von 90

1

In the Earth’s biosphere most fungal biomass and diversity is found:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • In the oceans

  • In soils

  • Under glaciers

  • In the atmosphere

Erklärung

Frage 53 von 90

1

One factor that is NOT used to prevent or reduce fungal spoilage of processed foods is:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Addition of benzene

  • Low water-activity

  • Refrigeration

  • Heat-sterilization

Erklärung

Frage 54 von 90

1

Organisms belonging to the genus Phytophthora are:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • True fungi

  • Fungus-like organisms

  • Slime moulds

  • Rusts

Erklärung

Frage 55 von 90

1

Phytophthora infestans is a fungus-like organism which:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Causes disease of a wide range of woody hosts

  • Causes potato blight

  • Causes ringworm

  • Causes black sigatoka disease of banana

Erklärung

Frage 56 von 90

1

Phytophthora ramorum is the causal pathogen of:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Potato blight

  • Sudden Oak Death

  • Coffee rust

  • Ash dieback

Erklärung

Frage 57 von 90

1

‘Necrosis’ is a symptom of infection of a plant with a pathogenic organism. Necrosis is:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Yellowing of infected or surrounding tissue

  • Uncontrolled cell division resulting in the formation of a gall

  • Death of infected or surrounding cells

  • Premature leaf fall

Erklärung

Frage 58 von 90

1

Saprophytic activity is essential for the health of the biosphere because:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • It facilitates nutrient cycling and waste degradation

  • It kills host organisms and thereby averts overpopulation

  • It facilitates species evolution via endosymbiosis

  • It involves mineralization of inorganic rocks in the lithosphere

Erklärung

Frage 59 von 90

1

Secondary symptoms of infections of plants by pathogens:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Occur at some distance from the point of infection

  • Normally occur close to the site of active infection

  • Are an ideal place to isolate the causal organism

  • Never occur at the same time as primary symptoms

Erklärung

Frage 60 von 90

1

Systems biology approaches to the study of fungal cells do NOT necessarily involve:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Generation of data from biological experiments

  • Mathematical quantification of changes in cell components

  • Creation of a model of the cellular system in silico

  • Creation of a conceptual model based on philosophical techniques

Erklärung

Frage 61 von 90

1

The symptom ‘chlorosis’ which develops when some fungi infect plants is due to:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Cell death

  • Nutrient imbalance

  • Impaired photosynthesis

  • Excess plant hormones

Erklärung

Frage 62 von 90

1

The symptom ‘hyperplasia’ in plants caused by a fungal infection is due to:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Abnormal cell enlargement

  • Downward growth of petioles

  • Uncontrolled cell division

  • Restriction of water transport

Erklärung

Frage 63 von 90

1

Which of the following is NOT a correct statement about true fungi

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • True fungi are eukaryotic

  • All true fungi are multi-cellular

  • True fungi are heterotrophic

  • Most true fungi have chitin cell walls

Erklärung

Frage 64 von 90

1

Which of the following is NOT an alternative name for cutaneous fungal infections of humans:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Superficial mycoses

  • Dermatophytes

  • Mycetoma

  • Ringworms

Erklärung

Frage 65 von 90

1

Which of the following is NOT part of the plant disease triangle:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Susceptible host

  • Climate change

  • Active pathogen

  • Suitable environment

Erklärung

Frage 66 von 90

1

Which of the following organisms is NOT a true fungus (i.e. it is classified in the Kingdom Protoctista):

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Phytophthora infestans

  • Botrytis cinerea

  • Agaricus bisporus

  • Taphrina deformans

Erklärung

Frage 67 von 90

1

Which of the following statements is NOT true about rust fungi?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • They are obligate pathogens

  • They are host specific pathogens

  • They have an active saprophytic phase

  • They form basidiospores as part of their life cycle

Erklärung

Frage 68 von 90

1

Which of these statements is untrue?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Some species of yeasts are highly tolerant to ethanol stress

  • Some species of fungi are extremely xerophilic

  • Many fungi are more tolerant to water stress than any bacterial species

  • Fungi can grow over the entire pH range from 0 to 14

Erklärung

Frage 69 von 90

1

Zoophilic dermatophytes are:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • normally associated with animals and humans

  • normally only associated with humans

  • mainly associated with the soil

  • mainly associated with contaminated water

Erklärung

Frage 70 von 90

1

Modification of RNA polymerase confers bacterial resistance to:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Beta-lactam antibiotics

  • Rifampicin

  • Quinolone antibiotics

  • Metronidazole

Erklärung

Frage 71 von 90

1

The Bacille-Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis

  • Attenuated live Mycobacterium tuberculosis

  • Mycobacterium bovis

  • Attenuated live Mycobacterium bovis

Erklärung

Frage 72 von 90

1

The antibiotic rifampicin interferes with which of the following?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Peptidoglycan synthesis

  • DNA gyrase

  • Lipid synthesis

  • RNA polymerase

Erklärung

Frage 73 von 90

1

Which one of the following infectious diseases has been eradicated from the human population?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Plague

  • Leprosy

  • Small pox

  • Polio

Erklärung

Frage 74 von 90

1

Which of the following is a bacterial infection?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Whooping cough

  • Polio

  • Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

  • Malaria

Erklärung

Frage 75 von 90

1

Which of the following is a host component important in specific immune recognition of extracellular microbes?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Antigen

  • Antibody

  • Phagocyte

  • Lipopolysaccharide

Erklärung

Frage 76 von 90

1

Which of the following is NOT an acquired mechanism of antibiotic resistance in bacteria?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Beta-lactamase production

  • Efflux pump antibiotic export

  • Lack of peptidoglycan

  • RNA polymerase single nucleotide change

Erklärung

Frage 77 von 90

1

Which of the following is only transmitted by direct person-to-person contact?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Malaria

  • Plague

  • Gonorrhoea

  • Tuberculosis

Erklärung

Frage 78 von 90

1

Which of the following is transmitted via the faecal-oral-route?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Malaria

  • Typhoid

  • Plague

  • Meningitis

Erklärung

Frage 79 von 90

1

Which of the following is primarily a respiratory pathogen?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Vibrio cholera

  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis

  • Salmonella typhi

  • Mycobacterium leprae

Erklärung

Frage 80 von 90

1

Which of the following is transmitted to humans by arthropods?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Tuberculosis

  • Malaria

  • Cholera

  • Typhoid

Erklärung

Frage 81 von 90

1

Which one of the following diseases is NOT caused by an infectious agent?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Stomach ulcer

  • Cystic fibrosis

  • Cervical cancer

  • Liver cancer

Erklärung

Frage 82 von 90

1

All viruses:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Enter cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis

  • Replicate their genomes in the nucleus of the cell

  • Replicate their genomes in the cytoplasm of the cell

  • Surround their progeny genomes with capsid proteins inside infected cells

Erklärung

Frage 83 von 90

1

Mature virus particles (Virions) ALWAYS contain:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • non-structural proteins

  • a protease enzyme

  • a DNA or RNA genome

  • a reverse transcriptase

Erklärung

Frage 84 von 90

1

Poliovirus:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Has a double-stranded DNA genome

  • Has a capsid that is composed of 240 copies of a single protein

  • Replicates primarily in the upper respiratory tract

  • Belongs to the enterovirus genus of the picornavirus family

Erklärung

Frage 85 von 90

1

The genome of measles virus is composed of :

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Double stranded DNA

  • Single stranded DNA

  • Single stranded RNA

  • DNA and RNA

Erklärung

Frage 86 von 90

1

The poliovirus mature virus particle:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Contains 240 copies of a single protein

  • Contains 60 copies of four proteins

  • Has a dsDNA genome

  • Has a single stranded negative–sense genome

Erklärung

Frage 87 von 90

1

Tobacco mosaic virus has:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • An icosahedral capsid

  • A helical capsid

  • Multiple copies of each of four proteins making up the capsid

  • Multiple copies of two proteins making up the capsid

Erklärung

Frage 88 von 90

1

Underline the TRUE statement below:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Viruses do not infect microorganisms

  • All viruses are enveloped

  • All viruses cause disease

  • All viruses are parasites

Erklärung

Frage 89 von 90

1

Viruses may encode their genomes as

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • DNA

  • RNA

  • negative strand RNA

  • All of the above

Erklärung

Frage 90 von 90

1

Virus particles:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Are always smaller than bacterial cells

  • Can replicate independently of a host cell if provided with a nutrient medium

  • Can use some of the enzymes expressed in the host cell to aid their replication

  • Are always eliminated by the host immune system

Erklärung

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