The pons connects with the cerebellum through pedunculus cerebellaris medius:
The basilar part of the pons is made of fibers only.
Within the pons tegmentum are located the nuclei of the cranial nerves IX, X and XI.
The roots of XII cranial nerve appear in the retroolivary sulcus.
The midbrain is delineated from the diencephalon by the optic tracts.
The nuclei of the caudal colliculus are relay station in the auditory pathway.
CN VI (Abducens) appears in the interpenduncular fossa.
The brainstem contains reflex centers for respiration and cardiovascual control
Phylogenically new parts of the brain stem are located on its ventral aspect
Substantia nigra is part of the pyramid system
The following structures are found in the opened part of the dorsal surface of medulla oblongata:
Pyramidal decussation
Olive
Vagal trigone
Facial colliculus
Gracile tubercle
Breathing centers accessory to the medulla oblongata are located in which brain area?
Cerebellum
Pons
Hypothalamus
Midbrain
The brain stem includes all of the following except
Medulla
Cerebral cortex
The area that coordinates visual reflexes is the:
Superior Colliculus
Inferior Colliculus
Cerebral peduncles
How many of the pairs of cranial nerves originate from the brain stem?
Ten
All of them arise from the brain stem
Two
None of them arise from the brain stem
One
All of the following statements concerning the vestibulocerebellar pathway are correct except it:
Plays a role in the initiation, planning and the timing of voluntary motor activities.
Project via the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF)
Receives input from the cristae ampullares
Receives input from the macular of the utricle and saccule
Includes the flocculonodular lobe
All of the following statements concerning the red nucleus are correct except:
It influences the cerebellum via the inferior olivary nucleus.
Its primary effect is on truncal and proximal muscles.
It receives bilateral input from the motor and premotor cortext
it receives contralateral input from the nucleus interpositus.
It receives modest input from the contralateral dentate nucleus
Which of the following IS NOT a medullary vital center
Blood pressure
Cardiac
Vasomotor
Respiratory
Three nuclei within the medulla oblongata function as vital centers for controlling heart rate, blood pressure and ............................................
Rate and depth of breathing
Emotions
Body temperature
Water and electrolyte balance
The centres that control vital visceral activities are located within the .............. area of the brain.
Medulla oblongata
In the floor of the fourth ventricle
The trigonum vagi is at the inferior angle next to the midline.
The facial colliculus is next to the midline in its upper half.
The vestibular area is adjacent to the lateral angle.
The trigonum hypoglossi is lateral to the trigonum vagi
The abducent nucleus lies deep to the facial colliculus
The following structures are found in the midbrain
The substantia nigra
The superior colliculi (Corpora Quadrigemina)
The motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve
The nucleus of the abducent nerve
The decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncles.
The following nuclei are found in the pons:
The facial nucleus
The oculomotor nucleus
The descending or spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve
The abducent nucleus
The inferior salivary nucleus
In the medulla oblongata:
The olive lies between the pyramid and the inferior cerebellar peduncle
The vagus nerve emerges between the pyramid and the olive
The decussation of the pyramids in found in the posterior median sulcus.
The gracile tubercle lies posteriorly next to the midline
The spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve lies dorsilaterally
The medial lemniscus
Is formed by fibres which come mainly from the gracile and cuneate nuclei of the same side
Is part of the proprioceptive pathway from the periphery to the cerebral cortex
Forms a bundle of fibres lying anteroposteriorly in the pons
Forms a bundle of fibres lying anteroposteriorly in the medulla oblongata
Ends in the lateral nucleus of the thalamus.
The pyramid of the hind brain
Is medial to the roots of the hypoglossal nerve.
Is medial to the olive
Consists mainly of descending fibres
Consists of fibres all of which decussate in the medulla oblongata.
Consists of fibres all of whose cells bodies are in the precentral gyrus of the cerebral hemispheres
The pons
Contain nuclei whose neurones have fibres which go to the cerebellum.
Contains nuclei which connect the cerebral cortex with the cerebellar cortex
Lies on the basilar part of the occipital bone.
Is anterior to the basilar artery.
Is superior to the emerging facial nerve.
The following are found in the midbrain
The frontopnontine fibres
The lateral lemniscus
The red nucleus
The medial geniculate body
The Pons:
Has the trigeminal nerve emerging from its superior border
Contains in its anterior (basilar) part the nuclei pontis
Contains in its anterior part the pyramidal (corticospinal) tracts
Is connected to the cerebellum by the superior cerebellar peduncle.
Contains the upward continuation of the medial lemniscus
The following are found in the midbrain:
The nucleus of the oculomotor nerve
The tectospinal tract
The medial longitudinal bundle
The superior salivary nucleus
The nucleus of the tractus solitarius
