Which of the next instruments must be on any aircraft obligatorily :
a) Thermomether
b) Clock
c) Altimeter
d) All of the above
The organization with legal regulatory authority within the EU is:
a) EASA
b) JAA
c) FAA
d) None of the above
The time that a plane is allowed to fly with one engine inoperative is called:
a) Single-engine range
b) ICAO
c) ETOPS
d) AAJMG
Which one is not an air data instrument:
a) Machmeter
b) Vertical speed indicator
d) Turn indicator
The RAM effect:
a) Decreases air temperature
b) Increases air temperature
c) Can increase or decrease air temperature
d) Does not affect air temperature
Which of the following thermometers is not usually used in aviation:
a) Mercury thermometer
b) Thermistors
c) Thermocouples
d) Optical pyrometer
Which is the minimum ETOPS to be allowed to cross the Atlantic:
a) 60 minimum ETOPS
b) 120 min ETOPS
c) 180 min ETOPS
d) 370 min ETOPS
Which is the instrument arrangement used in the C101:
a) 6 grouping
b) T grouping
c) It uses digital displays
The most important parameters that a pilot must know during a navigation are:
a) Direction of travel and Speed (Air Data System)
b) Weight and balance of the aircraft
c) Engines limitations
d) Aircraft characteristics
About General Navigation Instruments:
a) Depend on a GPS
b) Depend on Radio Navigation aids
c) Compass belong to this kind of Instruments
d) All of the above are fake
A Gyroscope:
a) is a rigid body with one principal moment of inertia much larger than the other two
b) is in high spin around its axis of maximum inertia.
c) is a special kind of compass
d) A and B are both correct
The main properties of a gyroscope are:
a) Flexibility and Precession
b) Rigidity and Precession
c) Hardness and Precession
d) The only main property is Precession
Rigidity:
a) Is the resistance of the spin axis to stop tilting
b) If it increases, the necessary torque to tilt a body decreases
c) Coincides with the angular momentum
d) All of the above are true
The degrees of freedom of a gyroscope are known as:
a) Spinning and Tilting
b) Spinning and Precessing
c) Spinning, Tilting and Veering
d) Spinning, Tilting and Precessing
What is the main disadvantage of Air Driven Gyroscopes?
a) Their maintenance is expensive
b) Their electrical motor do not work at high altitudes
c) Depend on the aircraft hydraulics
d) Problems at high altitude to get high rotational speeds due to lower density
What kind of Wander is due to the transport of the gyroscope along a parallel?
a) Real wander
b) Apparent wander
c) Transport wander
d) Precessing wander
Choose the correct one:
a) Compass is a radio navigation aid that helps us to know the correct direction
b) In an Air Driven Gyroscope, there is a rotor with holes or ranures to generate movement and suction is made in the box where the gyroscope is placed
c) Real wander, fake wander, apparent wander, transport wander and transport grind wander are all types of gyro wander.
d) All the answers are correct
According to the priority, which is NOT included as a type of warning?
Warning
Caution
Advisory
Threat
If an aircraft is flying on a cruise to FL320 and M0.56 under a pressure of 280 mb:
a) If gyro and compass mark differently, the pilot must obey the compass
b) If gyro and compass mark differently, the pilot must obey the gyro because it is a more modern instrument
c) The compass will be continuously rotating due to the high altitude
d) Under these conditions the only reliable instrument in the plane is the GPS
The Altitude Alert System (AAS):
Provides both aural and visual warnings of an aircraft reaching, or deviating from a preselected altitude
It only provides aural warnings of an aircraft reaching, or deviating from a preselected altitude
It only provides visual warnings of an aircraft reaching, or deviating from a preselected altitude
Provides aural and visual warnings of an aircraft in order to avoid other aircrafts
How could we correct the error in a gyro?
a) Horizontality by hand with a roulette wheel or enslaving the gyro to the compass
b) Verticality could be fixed with a pendulum mechanism
c) A) and B) are correct
d) Modern gyros do not suffer from topple on vertical component, just suffer drift on the horizontal component
From the Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS):
The data is based on the radio altimeter.
As long as the data is based on the radio altimeter and barometric rate of change of height, there is no info about rising ground rising directly ahead of the aircraft.
Rate of change of height is based on temperature variation.
It only works when autopilot is connected.
a) In slave mode, the gyro presents the information by self-correcting it with the compass.
b) In DG / FREE mode, it is necessary to correct the gyro with the compass indications
c) In compass mode, the pointer will be continuously oscillating, the information comes only from the compass
Which statement is FALSE about radio altimeter:
It determines instantaneous altitude of the aircraft above the terrain.
It makes use of the “frequency modulated ranging”.
It makes use of barometric pressure.
It uses a modulated continuous wave.
Turn indicator displays the rate of, and direction of turn, using gyroscopic principles:
a) Turn indicator moves when Roll
b) Turn indicator moves when Yaw
c) Turn indicator moves when Pitch
d) Turn indicator moves when Roll or Yaw but doesn´t with pitch
About the “frequency modulated ranging” used by radar altimeter:
The associated time difference signal is proportional to the range of the target.
It consist on a discontinuous wave.
The associated wave length signal is proportional to the range of the target.
It consists on a continuous with continuous frequency.
Choose the false one:
a) Turn co-ordinator is a turn, balance, and attitude indicator
b) In the Inertial Navigation System the velocity and position of the aircraft is obtained by measuring its acceleration and integrating it twice.
c) In Air Driven Gyroscopes, suction is made in the box where the gyroscope is placed
d) Gyros design is looking forward for high rigidity
Which of the following is NOT an input for the Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS):
Radar altimeter.
Pressure altitude.
Position related to ILS glide path.
Lights
About deviation correction:
a) It is particular for each plane because each aircraft creates its own magnetic field, the objective is to eliminate that error.
b) It is impossible to calculate the correction if gyro is working on slave mode
c) All the aircrafts create the same magnetic field. It depends on the altitudes
d) Any answer is correct
Which is not a mandatory mode of the Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS):
MODE 1: Excessive descent rate
MODE 2: Excessive terrain closure rate.
MODE 5: Below glide slope deviation.
MODE 7: Windshear.
About artificial horizon mechanism:
a) In equilibrium the two slots are covered equally
b) In turn, one is almost free and the other almost covered. There comes sucking air.
c) Since the flow is not the same, a net force is created in the direction of the closed groove, therefore a moment is created, and the verticality is recovered.
The Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System (EGPWS):
It is an evolution of the GPWS to reduce controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) accidents.
It introduces additional elements: world terrain database, airstrips database and need of high precision positioning systems.
Some additional functions that are introduced are terrain clearance floor and terrain display system.
All are correct.
1. The code which must be used in powerplant instruments is:
a) Red (maximum and minimum values), green (normal operation values), yellow (take off, caution or exceptional values)
b) There is no code
c) Red (maximum and minimum values), green (take off, caution or exceptional values), yellow (normal operation values)
d) Red (normal operation values), green (take off, caution or exceptional values), yellow (maximum and minimum values)
About ELECTRIC PRESSURE SENSORS:
a) The Inductive works between 2.5 and 70 Mpa
b) The Inductive works between 2.5 and 70 pa
c) The Capacitive works between 2.5 and 70 Mpa
d) The Capacitive works between 2.5 and 70 pa
About MECHANICAL PRESSURE SENSORS:
a) The Bourdon tube is used for low pressures
b) The Bourbon tube is used for high pressures
c) Mechanical pressure sensors don´t exist
d) A and B are FALSE
Choose the wrong answer
a) EGT means Eshaust Gas Temperature
b) EGT means Elevate Gas Temperature
c) ITT means Internal Turbine Temperature
d) JPT means Jet Pipe Temperature
The TACHOMETER is an instrument that measures:
a) The drag produced by the aircraft
b) The lift produced by the aircraft
c) The speed of the aircraft
d) The engine RPM
6. Propeller Auxiliary Systems are:
a) Systems to increase the efficiency of the propeller operation, and to provide automatic operation of the Constant Speed Unit and feathering mechanisms
b) Systems to reduce the efficiency of the propeller operation, and to provide automatic operation of the Constant Speed Unit and feathering mechanisms
c) Systems to increase the efficiency of the propeller operation, and not to provide automatic operation of the Constant Speed Unit and feathering mechanisms
d) Systems to reduce the efficiency of the propeller operation, and not to provide automatic operation of the Constant Speed Unit and feathering mechanisms
Any change in vibration of the engine could produce a problem caused by:
a) Damaged compressor/turbine Blades
b) Uneven temperatura distribution around turbine Blades
c) A and B are TRUE
Which one is a type of fuel flow metering system:
a) Venturi tube
b) Rotanting vane
c) Impeller or integrated type
d) All the above
When performing a tactical ascent in the A-400, a constant TAS of 300 Kts is set in the autopilot. Choose the right answer:
Mach will remain constant and CAS will be lower, compared to the TAS.
Both IAS and Mach will be lower than the TAS.
CAS will be lower and Mach will be higher, compared to the TAS.
Both IAS and Mach will be higher than the TAS.
Assuming that a descent is performed at a set Mach number; choose the wrong answer:
The local speed of sound depends on the temperature.
Both CAS and TAS will increase, compared to the Mach number.
Both IAS and TAS will increase, compared to the Mach number.
CAS will decrease and TAS will increase, compared to the Mach number.
Regarding airspeed indicator (ASI) blockages and leaks of the static and pitot lines; choose the wrong answer:
A blockage of the pitot line when climbing leads to an overread (the airspeed shown is higher than the actual airspeed).
A blockage of the static line when descending leads to an underread (the airspeed shown is lower than the actual airspeed).
A leak in the pitot line will always lead to an underread.
A leak in the static line may lead to an overread.
Airspeed indicator (ASI) displays are usually color-coded. Choose the right answer:
ASI displays are limited to showing indicated airspeed.
The red line is the never-exceed airspeed (Vne).
The green arc ends in the maximum flap extended speed (Vfe).
The white arc starts in the maximum structural cruising speed (Vno).
With respect to airspeed indicator (ASI) faults; choose the wrong answer:
Over-reading (showing an airspeed higher than the actual airspeed) could lead to a stall.
Under-reading (showing an airspeed lower than the actual airspeed) could lead to an overspeed.
In pressurized cabins, where ambient pressure is lower than the one inside the aircraft, a leaking static line leads to an overread.
Blockages of the pitot line may lead to speed variation indications when changing altitude.
Regarding Vertical Speed Indicators (VSIs) and Instantaneous Vertical Speed Indicators (IVSIs); choose the right answer:
The internal mechanics of the IVSI allow it to solve the problems that lag and g-forces create in the VSI.
The calibrated leak of the IVSI prevents the pressure inside the instrument from changing instantaneously.
Answer b) is correct. Also, it uses an accelerometer unit to create a slower differential pressure effect.
The VSI works by a diaphragm which expands or contracts during changes in static pressure.
The Instantaneous Vertical Speed Indicators (IVSIs) was designed to overcome certain limitations in the Vertical Speed Indicators (VSIs). Choose the wrong answer:
It uses two cylinders with pistons that respond to nose up and nose down movements, respectively.
While highly reduced, lag is still a problem.
It is affected by acceleration forces (g-forces).
Answer c) is correct and an example would be when turning (turning error).
In large aircrafts, Central Air-Data Computers (CADCs) or Digital Air-Data Computers (DADCs) are essential for accurate measurements. Choose the wrong answer:
Transducers to convert physical signals into electronic signals are limited to DADCs.
The CADCs use an I-bar, E-bar mechanism.
The main tubes for pressure measurement in large aircraft may lead to pressure losses and errors.
Capacitive, inductive, piezoelectric or potentiometric are some of the types of transducer that DADCs use.
Select the correct affirmation about Inertial Navigation Systems (INS):
It doesn't require outter measures, so it can work 24/7 in any weather.
The error is cumulative.
If enough time is measured, error may become considerably great.
All of the above are correct.
A mechanical accelerometer:
Includes 2 springs and a weight.
The acceleration is related to the elongation of the springs.
Nowadays is not usually implemented on aircrafts.
A laser is...
a dichromatic light beam that has been polarized at a single frequency.
a dichromatic light beam that has been polarized at multiple frequencies.
a monochromatic light beam that has been polarized at a single frequency.
a monochromatic light beam that has been polarized at multiple frequencies.
Current aircrafts tend to implement a __________ accelerometer.
Laser ring.
Mechanical.
Based on gas expansion.
Double effect.
The delay caused on a splitted beam when rotating a mirror ring/frame is known as:
Mandela's effect.
Einstein's effect.
Sagnac's effect.
Mohombi's effect.
What does INS stands for?
Independent Nitrogen Surfaces.
Inertial Notorious Systems.
Inertial Navigation Systems.
Individual Nation Secretary.
The gyroscopes on the Inertial Navigation Systems...
a - Move along with the plane.
b - Are enough for the measures (no outter measures required).
c - Only move in 1 axis.
d - a and b are correct.
The right order of these gyroscopes, according to precision is:
Optical Fiber Gyroscope, Laser Ring Gyroscope, Mechanical Gyroscope.
Optical Fiber Gyroscope, Mechanical Gyroscope, Laser Ring Gyroscope.
Laser Ring Gyroscope, Optical Fiber Gyroscope, Mechanical Gyroscope.
Laser Ring Gyroscope, Mechanical Gyroscope, Optical Fiber Gyroscope.
In which transponder mode is Tcas available:
a. B
b. C
c. X
d. D
Information display tcas types:
a. specialized resolution advisory
b. vertical speed indicator
c. Accoustic warnings
d. all of above are correct
Purpose of tcas:
a. knowing the position of every aircraft
b. avoiding collisions
c. getting easier communications
Which of these are a flight data recorder component:
a. orange or yellow box
b. cameras
c. accelerometers
d. A and C are correct
What does torque mean?
a. propeller effect over fuselaje
b. stall attitude effect
c. loss of elevon control
d. roll of propeller
Where is the stall warning the “Enaer-Pillan” holded?
a. wing
b. fuselage
c. cockpit
d. tail
Monitored variables in gas turbine engines:
a. Egt
b. Torque
c. Rpm
Types of pressure indicators:
a. Manifold pressure
b. engine pressure ratio
c. fuel and oil pressures
