State the approximate ionic concentrations inside living cells and inthe extracellular fluid for Na+, K +, Ca++ and C1 ̄. Explain the mechanism by which gases, ions and larger molecules pass across the cell membrane. Explain why active transport is an energy consuming mechanism whereas simple diffusion and carrier mediated (‘facilitated’) diffusion are not. Explain how animal cells maintain osmotic equilibrium with their environment.
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Erstellt von Evian Chai
vor mehr als 4 Jahre
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