What are the three lines on the DTM
Natural increase
Fertility rate
birth rate
death rate
total population
Definition of birth rate
Number of live births / per 1000 of the population / per year
Number of births / per 10 women / per year
Number of infant deaths / per 1000 / per year
The DTM currently has 5 stages but previously had 4
Natural increase and fertility rate have the same meaning
What are the 5 stages of the DTM called?
High stationary
Early stationary
Early expanding
Late expanding
Low stationary
Stage 5
stage 1 beginning
Economic migrants move to find work
Asylum seekers are undeclared and staying illegally in a country
Characteristics of a stage 2 population pyramid
Narrow top
Narrow base
wide base
Defined pyramid shape
bulging centre
Characteristics of a stage 4 population pyramid
Narrowed bottom
Wide top
Bulge in the centre
Higher pyramid
Clear pyramid shape
bulging bottom
What is calculated by subtracting emigration from imigration
Net migration
Economic migration
A Population distribution B population density
A How people are spread throughout a country B The number of people in a specific area (country/city)
A The number of people in a specific area (country/city) B How people are spread throughout a country
Good medical care and lots of jobs are reasons for an area being densely populated
What is the replacement rate?
2.1
1.2
2.3
Some factors effecting birth rate
Education
Early marriage
Contraception access
country size
Ratio of women to men
Factors affecting death rate
Disease
Sanitation levels
Nutrition
France, Germany and Hungary are examples of what stage countries?
1
2
3
4
5
Bangladesh and Nigeria are examples of what stage countries?
What stage is called late expanding? (falling birth rate and continued falling death rate)
Strengths of DTM
Universal, applies to all countries
No time guidance given
Enables prediction for future changes
Easy to understand
People in developed countries moving from urban to rural areas is known as
counter urbanisation
Forced migration
Urban migration
Distance decay = NUMBER OF MIGRANTS DECLINE AS THE DISTANCE BETWEEN ORIGIN AND DESTINATION INCREASES
Consequences of migration
Shanty towns
Racial tension
Investment in boarder controls needed
Cheap labour
