Reading is ______________.

We are wired for _______________.

Our ability to recognize words in reading uses the species’ evolutionary older circuitry that is specialized for ___________________________.

The use of ___________ sparked the evolution of writing systems.

We derived our ability to write and read from what concept?

Children are wired for sound, but ____________ is an optional accessory that must be painstakingly bolted on.

The child must learn the visual aspects of print—such as the features of letters, the common letter patterns, and “sight” words in English—and also how to spell all these new words.

The loss of ability to read.

It is a system of rules for forming words from the smallest meaningful parts of a language.

The smallest meaningful parts of a language are called __________________.

A child’s evolving ability to hear, discriminate, segment, and manipulate the phonemes in words, helps pave the way for the critical insight that words are made up of sounds.

Roots, prefixes, suffixes, and affixes are examples of?

The smallest unit of sound is known as a ___________________.

A _________________ is the smallest functional unit of a writing system.

A second part of language that can have a strong effect on a child's reading success is ____________________, which refers to the understanding of word meanings.

Children learn more easily when there are two main emphases. The two emphases are known as _____________________.

A child’s growth in acquiring and using the grammatical relationships within language.

How the child learns that his or her writing system represents oral language.

_________________ is not a matter of speed; it is a matter of being able to utilize all the special knowledge a child has about a word fast enough to have time to think & comprehend.