When was Australia Federated and the Constitution applied?
January 26th 1901
January 1st 1901
January 10th 1901
What are the requirements for the Constitution to be amended?
6/6 states must have over 50% of voters in favour of the change.
Over 50% of Australian voters must be in favour of the change
A national vote named a "Referendum" must take place
Over 50% of the both houses in the federal parliament must vote in favour of the change.
Terra Nullius refers to the Latin phrase "land belonging to no one"
When was the upper house (legislative council) abolished?
March 23rd 1922
June 9th 1922
What is the role of a judge's associate?
In criminal trials, they must supervise the accused form the holding cells, and to and during court procedures.
Ensure the courtroom runs smoothly
Administering oaths and attending to the jury
Assist the judge in research
Responsible for taking a record of everything that is said during court proceedings.
What is ratio decendi?
"incidental things said" or "by the law"
"the reason/s for a court decision"
What are the characteristics of a civil case?
The defendant is deemed liable or not liable
The judge decides the outcome
The Crown files the case
The defendant is considered guilty or not guilty
"beyond a reasonable doubt"
The two private parties file the case
"balance of probabilties"
The 3 rules for interpreting legislation are....
Literal, Golden and Mischief rule
Judicial, Legislative, Executive rules
The ratio decideni and the obiter dicta
Influences on our Laws include...
Judicial influences
Cultural influences
Moral influences
Tony Abbott 8)
Political Influences
Terra Nullius
Educational Influences
Economic Influences
Social Influences
Transportation circumstances and regulations
How many senators are there in the senate?
50
78
60
22
76
