What is the relationship between a tapeworm and a dog?
Mutualism
Parasitism
Commensalism
Resource partitioning
Agonistic behavior
What type of relationship best describes lichens?
Agonostic behavior
What type of relationship is formed between mycorrhizal fungi and plant roots?
What could result from an overlap in the niches of two closely related species?
Which type of relationship is characterized by benefiting one organism and producing no harm or advantage to the other?
Agnostic behavior
What word best represents ritualized contests that determine which competitor gains access to food or mates?
Which type of biome is characterized by rapid recycling of nutrients?
Tropical rainforest
Taiga
Tundra
Savana
Temperate deciduous (broadleaf) forest
Which biome has the least amount of moisture?
Savanna
What biome is characterized by permafrost?
What biome consists of mainly grassland with a few trees?
What biome is characterized with having high levels of light on the forest floor in early spring?
What biome has distinct rainy and dry seasons?
What biome is characterized by evergreens?
What process is performed by bacteria that live in the nodules of legume plants?
Nitrogen fixation
Denitrification
Excretion
Assimilation
Ammonification
What process converts atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia?
Exretion
What is the name of the process that returns gaseous nitrogen back into the atmosphere?
What process results in urea, uric acid and ammonia being deposited into the soil?
What process is characterized by plants taking up ammonium and nitrates to build amino acids and nitrogenous bases?
What is the process in which nitrogen-containing organic molecules are broken down, and NH3 is released?
In which of the following organisms would one expect to find the greatest concentration of mercury (a harmful metal pollutant)?
Seaweed
Plankton
Minnows
Bass
Tuna
All of the following are true statements about the biomass pyramid EXCEPT
The base of the pyramid represents primary consumers.
The amount of biomass at any trophic level is dependent on the trophic level below it.
Biomagnification occurs at the top trophic levels.
Decomposers can feed at several trophic levels.
The biomass of a trophic level is the dry mass of all the organisms present in that trophic level.
A fast-moving stream is most likely to
be eutrophic.
be susceptible to algal blooms.
show thermal stratification.
have high levels of dissolved oxygen.
have a high salinity.
All of the following represent mutualistic associations in ecosystems EXCEPT
Legume plants with nodules containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria
Aphids that feed on phloem sap
Cellulose-digesting microorganisms in the termite gut
Mycorrhizal fungi
Lichens
A species of ant protects an acacia tree from a specific predator. The acacia tree has specialized storage areas in which these ants live. This is an example of
coevolution.
convergent evolution.
homologous structures.
analogous structures.
speciation.
Which of the following organisms can feed at more than one trophic level?
Ominvores
Detritivores and decomposers
Producers
Which of the following are correctly paired?
Imprinting: your mother recognizes a long-lost friend after 10 years of separation
Trial and error : your cat runs into the kitchen when it hears a can of food being opened
Operant conditioning : your dog brings you your slippers for a treat
Habituation : you are startled every time your sister slams the dorr
Fixed-action pattern : a fish learns not to strike at a rubber worm
A farmer is concerned about the poor yields of her indoor crops. Possible remedies include all of the following EXCEPT
Rotate the crops, planting legumes with each rotation
Inoculate the soil with a fungus that forms mycorrhizal associations with plants
Increase the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air
Increase the concentration of oxygen in the air
Make sure the water contains minerals such as phosphorus and sulfur
Which of the following is TRUE regarding the flow of energy and nutrients in an ecosystem?
Energy and nutrients are both recycled.
Energy is recycled, but only 10 percent of the nutrients from one trophic level are transferred to the one above it.
Nutrients are recycled, but energy is lost from every trophic level.
Nutrients accumulate at the highest trophic levels, and energy is lost at each trophic level.
Neither nutrients nor energy are recycled in an ecosystem.
Mt. Saint Helens, a North American volcano, erupted in May 1980. The eruption wiped out everything within a 200-square-mile radius of the volcano. Today, small trees, grasses, shrubs, and several animals including secondary consumers inhabit the area. Which of the following est explains this situation?
Evolution
Natural selection
Eutrophication
R-selection
Succession
Which of the following illustrates a biotic aspect of an ecosystem?
Elephants have a low metabolic rate compared to other mammals.
Pine trees will not grow in saltwater.
Monarch butterflies only live where milkweed plants grow.
Some conifers will grow only where forest fires scorch their seeds.
Trout prefer to live in cold water.
An ecologist studying how the invasive kudzu plant affects the population dynamics of native plants is focusing on the
population.
biome.
ecosystem.
community.
individuals.
All of the following are characterisitics of an ideal pioneer species EXCEPT
R-selected life history
Can withstand harsh conditions
Producer
Effective competitor
Maximizes reproductive opportunities
Which of the following sea creatures might be described as a pelagic animal of the aphotic zone?
A coral
Kiwa hirsuta, a crustacean near a deep-sea hydrothermal vent
An intertidal sea anemone
A deep-sea squid
A harbour seal
Ted was a passenger on a plane that took off from New York, flew over temperate deciduous forest, then grassland and desert, then arrived at an airport in chaparral. Ted was flying
nonstop to southern Washington State.
nonstop to southern California.
nonstop to western Florida.
to Nevada, then transferred to a plane flying into Oregon.
to Oregon, then transferred to a plane flying into Nevada.
The primary ecological factor determining the distribution of deserts on the planet is
wind.
elevation.
temperature.
moisture.
scarcity of living things.
Heliconius butterflies live on passionflower vines. Females of some Heliconius species avoid laying their bright yellow eggs on leaves where other yellow egg clusters have been laid. Some species of passionflowers develop large, yellow nectaries that resemble Heliconius eggs. Which of the following terms most acuratel explains the relationship between the Heliconius butterfly and the passionflower vine?
Adaptive radiation
Coevolution
Counterevolution
Mutation
All of the following statements concerning the relationship between angiosperms and their insect pollinators are true EXCEPT
Flower parts may resemble the female of some insect species.
Insects assist in pollinating flowers by carrying seeds from one plant to another.
Brightly colored flowers are the result of coevolution between plants and insects.
Nectar produced by some flowers serves to attract insect pollinators.
Insects that pollinate brightly colored flowers probably have color vision.
The orange and black monarch butterfly feeds on the milkweed plant, which contains a cardiac glycoside that is poisonous to birds. The viceroy butterfly has the same wing coloration as the monarch but does not feed on the milkweed plant. Animals avoid eating both kinds of butterflies. The coloration on the viceroy is an example of
mutation.
learning.
pattern formation.
mimicry.
sexual selection.
