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Evidence Test

Frage 1 von 70

1

A trial is about speaking the truth

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 2 von 70

1

Prior to the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, the balance was in favour of admissibility of evidence, no matter how it was obtained, as it was the best method for getting at the truth.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 3 von 70

1

Since the Charter, the balance has swung towards protection of individual rights, and evidence that has been obtained contrary to certain Charter principles is often excluded, with unpredictable results.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 4 von 70

1

Prior to the adoption of the Canadian Charter on Rights and Freedoms in 1982, the common law dealt with illegally or improperly obtained evidence in a very relaxed manner.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 5 von 70

1

Basically, there WAS a rule of law or judicial discretion to exclude evidence because of the improper or illegal method by which it was obtained.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 6 von 70

1

The general rule of admissibility was that all evidence was

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • relevant

  • probative

  • true

  • reliable

Erklärung

Frage 7 von 70

1

Once the Charter became law, the right to certain legal protections became the law of the land.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 8 von 70

1

Everyone, EXCEPT a criminal suspect or an accused became entitled to the protection of the rights contained in the Charter.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 9 von 70

1

What two things are still hotly debated in legal circles concerning evidence?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • how an accused should be treated in jail

  • how many years should an accused receive for manslaughter

  • balancing of the rights of the individual

  • seeking the truth

Erklärung

Frage 10 von 70

1

Which sections of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms contain Legal Rights?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • sections 24-32

  • sections 19-23

  • sections 7-14

Erklärung

Frage 11 von 70

1

Which section says "Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of the person and the right not to be deprived thereof except in accordance with the principles of fundamental justice."

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • s.9

  • s.8

  • s.11

  • s.7

Erklärung

Frage 12 von 70

1

Which is the search or seizure section?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • s.9

  • s.6

  • s.8

  • s.0

Erklärung

Frage 13 von 70

1

Everyone has the right not to be arbitrarily detained or imprisoned says which section?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • s.9

  • s.2

  • s.12

  • s.10

Erklärung

Frage 14 von 70

1

Everyone has the right on arrest or detention to:

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • be promptly informed of the reason for arrest/detention

  • retain and instruct counsel without delay and to be informed of that right

  • call their mom and tell them that they have just been arrested

  • have the validity of the detention determined by way of habeas corpus and to be released if the detention is not lawful

Erklärung

Frage 15 von 70

1

Which section deals with unreasonable delay, reasonable time, not to be compelled and presumption of innocence until proven guilty?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • s.11

  • s.9

  • s.19

  • s.1

Erklärung

Frage 16 von 70

1

Cruel and unusual punishment is covered by which section?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • s.14

  • s.4

  • s.8

  • s.12

Erklärung

Frage 17 von 70

1

Incriminating evidence is covered in section 13:

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 18 von 70

1

If I don't speak English or French I cannot get someone to help me in court

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 19 von 70

1

Section 14 deals with foreign languages and people who are hearing impaired.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 20 von 70

1

The exclusion of illegally or improperly obtained evidence is an EXTREMELY POWERFUL REMEDY for the violation of constitutional rights.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 21 von 70

1

Section 24(2) contains the remedy for exclusion of improperly obtained evidence.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 22 von 70

1

What is likely to happen if it is found that the admission of evidence obtained in violation of an accused person's Charter rights?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • He could be imprisoned

  • He could be flogged

  • Case could be dismissed

  • He could receive 25 years

Erklärung

Frage 23 von 70

1

The exclusionary rule is NOT controversial at all in Canada.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 24 von 70

1

Section 24(1) deals with Enforcement

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 25 von 70

1

For the defence to seek the right to an effective remedy such as exclusion of illegally or improperly obtained evidence, the defence must prove

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • that the accused's rights or freedoms have been infringed or denied

  • that the evidence was obtained in a manner that infringed or denied that right or freedom

  • that they used force

  • that they threatened the accused

Erklärung

Frage 26 von 70

1

The Plaintiff bears the initial burden of presenting evidence and of persuading the judge, on the civil standard of balance of probabilities that a violation of the accused's Charter rights occurred that could not be saved by s.1, the Oakes Test.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 27 von 70

1

The first opportunity the Supreme Court of Canada had to analyze s.24(2) and provide guidance to trial judges on its application was in 1987 in the case of

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • R. v. Mohan

  • R. v. Khan

  • R. v. Collins

  • R. v. Baldree

Erklärung

Frage 28 von 70

1

What were the grounds of defence in the R. v. Collins case?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • search took place without a warrant

  • no reasonable grounds

  • without identifying the officer

Erklärung

Frage 29 von 70

1

Which section of the Charter did they claim was violated?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • s.9

  • s.6

  • s.8

  • s.1

Erklärung

Frage 30 von 70

1

In the R. v. Collins matter the court of first instance held that

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • there was a violation of Charter rights, and she was set free

  • there was no violation of Charter rights, but she was convicted

  • there was a violation of Charter rights, but she was convicted

Erklärung

Frage 31 von 70

1

In the Collins matter, the Court of Appeal upheld the conviction but this was overturned by the Supreme Court

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 32 von 70

1

The Collins test had 9 criteria for deciding the admissibility or exclusion of improperly obtained evidence.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 33 von 70

1

What are the three categories into which the 9 criteria are divided?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Fairness at Trial

  • Seriousness of the Violation

  • How many persons were convicted

  • Effect of exclusion

Erklärung

Frage 34 von 70

1

Name 6 of the Collins criteria

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • What kind of evidence was obtained?

  • What Charter rights were infringed?

  • Was the violation serious or technical?

  • Was the violation deliberate or inadvertent?

  • Were the circumstances urgent or necessary?

  • is the offence serious?

  • Was anyone else looking?

Erklärung

Frage 35 von 70

1

The Collins test was replaced by another in 1997. What was the name of that case?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • R. v. Stinchombe

  • R. v. Baldree

  • R. v. Khan

  • R. v. Stillman

Erklärung

Frage 36 von 70

1

Why did the Supreme Court look for another case? The Collins test was considered:

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • confusing and complicated

  • hard and compelling

  • vague and misleading

  • too easy to understand and apply

Erklärung

Frage 37 von 70

1

Intervenors were NOT allowed in the Stillman case

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 38 von 70

1

Mr. Stillman willingly gave the police hair, buccal swab and teeth impressions.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 39 von 70

1

Mr. Stillman was set free by both the court of first instance and the Court of Appeal

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 40 von 70

1

Conscriptive Evidence is evidence that could NOT be collected without the accused person's participation.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 41 von 70

1

Non-conscriptive Evidence is evidence that COULD be collected without the accused person's participation.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 42 von 70

1

In the Stillman case, the bodily samples were NOT real evidence even though the accused had been compelled by the produce.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 43 von 70

1

Examples of conscriptive evidence would be

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • forced confession

  • DNA sample

  • a gun

Erklärung

Frage 44 von 70

1

Examples of non-conscriptive evidence would be

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • a buccal swab

  • hair follicles

  • a gun

  • drugs

Erklärung

Frage 45 von 70

1

What other factors did the court list to support the fact that the evidence was improperly obtained?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • the breach was very serious

  • the police used threat of force and intrusive measures

  • there was a blatant disregard of the lawyer's letter and ignored the fundamental rights of the youth

  • they did not ask the youth nicely

Erklärung

Frage 46 von 70

1

The tissue was not conscripted evidence because the police FORCED the accused to produce it.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 47 von 70

1

The tissue in Stillman's case was admissible.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 48 von 70

1

The wording of section 24(2) calls for a review of all the circumstances and what appears to be recommended by many of the academics is the return to the balancing as initially envisioned by the drafters of the Charter. The Stillman approach was criticized for not providing this balance.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 49 von 70

1

The Stillman case was replaced by the R. v. Grant case in 2009.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 50 von 70

1

Before the 2009 decision in R. v. Grant, the distinction between conscriptive and non-conscriptive evidence was really important.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 51 von 70

1

If the evidence was classified as conscriptive, it was almost certainly excluded pursuant to s24(2) of the Charter because the law held that admitting conscriptive evidence obtained in violation of the accused's Charter rights made the trial unfair.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 52 von 70

1

What were the concerns raised in light of the 2009 Grant case?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • that the jurisprudence developed a quasi-automatic exclusionary rule

  • that the courts appear to distinguish between a hierarchy of rights rather than a balance of rights

  • that the accused had no rights

Erklärung

Frage 53 von 70

1

A criminal action is started by laying an information.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 54 von 70

1

The two types of evidence are

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Direct

  • Indirect

  • Oral

  • Audio

Erklärung

Frage 55 von 70

1

Indirect Evidence is also called:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Documentary

  • Real

  • Circumstantial

Erklärung

Frage 56 von 70

1

Evidence can be introduced in one of three ways.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 57 von 70

1

Which of the following ways is NOT a way that evidence can be introduced into court:

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Directly

  • Orally

  • Documentary

  • Real

Erklärung

Frage 58 von 70

1

Direct evidence can be Oral or Real

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 59 von 70

1

Oral evidence is the most common type of direct evidence.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 60 von 70

1

Real evidence is only receivable if the following four criteria are met:

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • relevant to the matters in issue

  • identified as genuine, and therefore

  • authenticated, and be

  • connected tot he issues before the court

  • known by every body even the jury

Erklärung

Frage 61 von 70

1

Circumstantial Evidence is also known as Indirect Evidence

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 62 von 70

1

Circumstantial evidence does NOT require an inference to get from the evidence to a material fact.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 63 von 70

1

A document must be authenticated by either

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • calling on the newspaper that printed it

  • calling the writer as a witness

  • calling a witness to the document's preparation, or

  • calling a handwriting expert or expert in typeface

Erklärung

Frage 64 von 70

1

There are three ways that courts assess the admissibility of photographs and videos

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 65 von 70

1

The three ways in which courts assess the admissibility of photographs and videos are

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • calling the witness

  • their accuracy

  • their fairness and absence of potential to mislead

  • verification of a witness that they are what they purport to be

Erklärung

Frage 66 von 70

1

Consciousness of Guilt is a term given to the behaviour of an accused that may be admitted as evidence that he was behaving in a guilty manner.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 67 von 70

1

Subsequent Remediation or Repair is NOT the civil equivalent to consciousness of guilt.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 68 von 70

1

The courts are careful about accepting evidence of subsequent repair for two main reasons:

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • evidence lacks relevance

  • it is argued on policy grounds that if evidence of subsequent remedial measures

  • everybody knows they did it

Erklärung

Frage 69 von 70

1

What is the best evidence rule?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • ...that secondary evidence, such as a copy or fax, will not be admissible if an original document exists

  • ... that real evidence, such pictures of a gun or knife will not be admissible

Erklärung

Frage 70 von 70

1

Section 31.2(1)(2) of the Canadian Evidence Act is where provisions for the Best Evidence Rule is found

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung