B2 AQA

Most human and animal cells have which parts?

What does the nucleus do?

What is the cytoplasm?

What does the cell membrane do?

What is the mitochondria?

What is a ribosome?

What do plant cells have that animal and human cells don't?

What does the cell wall do?

What does the chloroplast do?

Yeast is a ___________ organism

What parts does yeast have?

What parts does a bacterial cell consist of?

Cells may be ______ to carry out a particular function

By which process can dissolved substances move in and out of a cell?

What is the definition of diffusion?

The greater the difference in concentration, the _____ the rate of diffusion

What does glandular tissue do?

What does muscular tissue do in the stomach?

What does glandular tissue do in the stomach?

What does epithelial tissue do in the stomach?

The digestive system includes:

What is the job of glands in the digestive system?

Where does digestion occur?

What occurs in the small intestine?

What happens in the large intestine?

Stems, roots and leaves are examples of what?

Examples of plant tissues

What is the job of epidermal tissues?

What does the mesophyll do?

What do the xylem and phloem do?

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

During photosynthesis, what absorbs light energy and where is it found?

During photosynthesis, how is light energy used?

During photosynthesis, oxygen is released as what?

What 3 factors can limit the rate of photosynthesis?

In what 5 ways is the glucose, produced in photosynthesis, used?

What do plants absorb from the soil to help produce proteins?

What 5 physical factors may affect the distribution organisms?

Through what 2 methods can quantitative data on the distribution of organisms be obtained by?

What are protein molecules made up of?

Proteins can act as 4 different things. What are they?

What do catalysts do?

What are biological catalysts?

What effect do high temperatures have on enzymes?

True or false. Different enzymes work best at the same pH levels

Where is the enzyme amylase produced?

What does amylase do?

Where is the enzyme protease produced?

What does protease do?

Where is the enzyme lipase produced?

What does lipase do?

What does the stomach produce and why?

What does the liver produce and where is the product stored?

Where is bile released into and what is its job?

Why is it important to neutralise the acid that was added to the food in the stomach?

What are two uses of enzymes in the home?

What are 3 uses of enzymes in industry?

Advantage of enzymes in industry

Disadvantages of enzymes in industry

What are chemical reactions inside cells controlled by?

What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

Where do most of the reactions in aerobic respiration take place?

Energy that is released during respiration is used by the organism. In which 4 ways may the energy be used?

During exercise what two changes take place?

What do muscles store glucose as?

During exercise, if insufficient oxygen is reaching the muscles, what does the body do?

What is anaerobic respiration?

Why is less energy released during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respiration?

Anaerobic respiration results in what?

What is a cause of muscle fatigue?

What can remove lactic acid?

By what process do body cells divide?

What do chromosomes contain?

What two things happen when a body cell divides by mitosis?

Why does mitosis occur?

How many sets of chromosomes do body cells have?

How many sets of chromosomes do sex cells (gametes) have?

Cells in reproductive organs - testes and ovaries in humans - divide to form what?

By what process do cells divide to form gametes?

What 2 things happen when a cell divides to form gametes?

What happens when gametes join at fertilisation?

What are stem cells?

Why does sexual reproduction give rise to variation?

What are the female sex chromosomes?

What are the male sex chromosomes?

What is an allele?

What is a dominant allele?

What is a recessive allele?

What are chromosomes made up of?

What is a gene?

Polydactyly is caused by which allele?

Cystic Fibrosis is caused by which allele?

What evidence is there for early forms of life?

What are fossils?

Name 4 ways fossils are formed?

What 6 factors can cause extinction?

Why can uncertainty arise?
(extinction)

As a result of what can new species arise? Make 4 points

What is isolation?

What is genetic variation?
(extinction)

What is natural selection?

What is speciation?

Why would the number of bubbles produced/min be constant at 22-27 degrees C?

3 differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration

Explain the advantage to someone of the change in heart rate during exercise (4 marks)

Stem cells can be used to treat a condition such as paralysis. Explain why

Suggest one reason why many people think that stem cells should be obtained from umbilical cords instead of human embryos

Give two differences between mitosis and meiosis

Pros and Cons of embryo screening for Cystic Fibrosis

Issues involved with embryo screening for polydactyly

Explain why only half the bars in a child's DNA fingerprint match the mother's fingerprint.

Explain why scientists are uncertain about how life started on earth

What is an organ?

How do fossils provide evidence that species alive today have evolved from simpler organisms?