Environmental Science - Chapter Two

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An environment consists of complex networks of interlinked systems.

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What is a system?

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Without a part, the system will still work properly.

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System inputs _?

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System outputs _?

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A system output can serve as a input.

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What are the types of feedback loops?

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In a negative feedback loop, the output acts as an input that moves the system, in a new direction.

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Most systems do not use a negative feedback loop.

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A negative feedback loop pushes towards _.

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A positive feedback loop has the opposite effect of the negative feedback loop.

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A positive feedback loop pushes towards _.

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Positive feedback loops are rare in nature.

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What is the lithosphere?

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What is the atmosphere?

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What is the hydrosphere?

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What is the biosphere?

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Eutrophication is the process of nutrient over-enrichment.

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Chemistry does not play a central role in many environmental challenges.

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All material that has mass and occupies space is matter.

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Laws of Conservation of Matter

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An element is _.

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An element cannot be broken down into any other substances with other properties.

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Each element is composed of

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An atom is the smallest component that maintains the chemical properties of the element.

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Each atom has a nucleus with

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An element will always have the same number of

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An element can have different numbers of neutrons or electrons.

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Isotopes _.

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Ions are positively charged.

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Ions are atoms that can gain or lose

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A pH scale

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Hydrogen ions and whether they are acidic or basic is

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Molecules are _.

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Molecules composed of two or more different elemets are called compounds.

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Organic compounds are

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Polymers are long chains of repeated molecules.

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Hydrocarbons are

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Macromolecules are

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What are three essential macromolecules?

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Proteins are made up of chains of amino acids.

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Amino acids do not determine the identity of proteins.

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Amino acids

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Amino acids are the building blocks of life.

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Nucleic acid direct protein production.

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Nucleic acid carries

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What are the two types of nucleic acid?

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Carbohydrates are

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What are the two major types of energy?

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Potential energy is the energy of

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Kinetic energy is the energy of

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Chemical energy is potential energy in the bonds of atoms.

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Why is it important to have energy?

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In the First Law of Thermodynamics, energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can change forms.

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In the Second Law of Thermodynamics,

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The Earth's energy comes from the moon.

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Autotrophs are also know as consumers.

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Autotrophs are known as producers.

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Autotrophs

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Autotrophs

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In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water are converted into sugars.

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The components of photosynthesis are

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Heterotrophs can produce their own food.

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What are the components of cellular respiration?

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Energy is kept as heat in a one-way flow through the system.

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An ecosystem is all of the organisms and non-living entities in a particular area at the same time

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Primary production is the

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Gross primary production is the

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Net primary production is energy left over to put into biomass.

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All ecosystems produce biomass at the same rate.

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Elements and compounds are consumed and required for survival of organisms.

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Nitrogen has

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Phosphorus has

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Oxygen has

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Carbon has

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Carbon dioxide is a colorless gad used by plants for photosynthesis, given off by repiration, and released by burning fossil fuels.

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Ionic bonds are

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A watershed is the entire area of a river from when a pipe drains into an ocean.

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Hypoxia is the condition of extremely low dissolved oxygen concentrations in a body of water.

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A covalent bond is a chemical bond formed by atoms "sharing" electrons.

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What is a solution?

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Methane is a colorless gas produced primarily by anaerobic decomposition.

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The ozone

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What happens in biogeochemical cycles?

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What is a flux?

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A source is a reservoir that releases more nutrients than they accept

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In a sink, the reservoir accepts more than it releases.

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What are the three forms of the hydrolytic cycle?

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Water gets into the atmosphere only by evaporation.

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What is transpiration?

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Runoff is water flowing over land.

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Human have only impacted some aspects of the water cycle.

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How have we impacted the water cycle?

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Carbon is a part of every living thing.

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Producers pull _ from the atmosphere.

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Producers put some CO2 back into the atmosphere.

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CO2 becomes incorporated into the tissues of _ and _.

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Settles into _ when organisms die.

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What is the largest reservoir of carbon?

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Putting too much CO2 into the air is a major climate change argument.

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Shifted from _ to atmosphere.

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Nitrogen makes up how much of our atmosphere?

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Nitrogen is essential.

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Nitrogen needs what to help itself cycle.

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How many steps are in the nitrogen cycle?

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Nitrogen has to be "fixed" before it can be used.

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Through what step of the nitrogen cycle do plants take up nitrates?

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How have humans impacted the nitrogen cycle?

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Phosphorus is found in the atmosphere.

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The majority of phosphorus is found in

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When rocks are weather, the phosphorus runs into the water and

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Plants do not take up phosphorus.

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How have humans impacted the phosphorus cycle?

I'm using "Essential Environment: The Science Behind the Stories" 4th edition by Withgott & Laposata

Environmental Science - Chapter Two

An environment consists of complex networks of interlinked systems.

What is a system?

Without a part, the system will still work properly.

System inputs _?

System outputs _?

A system output can serve as a input.

What are the types of feedback loops?

In a negative feedback loop, the output acts as an input that moves the system, in a new direction.

Most systems do not use a negative feedback loop.

A negative feedback loop pushes towards _.

A positive feedback loop has the opposite effect of the negative feedback loop.

A positive feedback loop pushes towards _.

Positive feedback loops are rare in nature.

What is the lithosphere?

What is the atmosphere?

What is the hydrosphere?

What is the biosphere?

Eutrophication is the process of nutrient over-enrichment.

Chemistry does not play a central role in many environmental challenges.

All material that has mass and occupies space is matter.