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Bacterial and Viral Genetics and Genetic Technology and Bioinformatics

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Biology 183 Quiz 9 Questions

Frage 1 von 44

1

Which of the following is a major function of macrophages?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • attacking cancerous cells

  • secreting antibodies

  • attacking cells infected by a virus

  • engulfing bacteria by phagocytosis

  • secreting cytokines to simulate the proliferation of other lymphocytes

Erklärung

Frage 2 von 44

1

Which of the following is a major function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • engulfing bacteria by phagocytosis

  • secreting antibodies

  • secreting cytokines to simulate the proliferation of other lymphocytes

  • attacking cancerous cells

  • attacking cells infected by a virus

Erklärung

Frage 3 von 44

1

Which of the following is a major function of B lymphocytes?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • attacking cancerous cells

  • secreting cytokines to simulate the proliferation of other lymphocytes

  • secreting antibodies

  • attacking cells infected by a virus

  • engulfing bacteria by phagocytosis

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Frage 4 von 44

1

Antibiotics (such as penicillin) are produced naturally by

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • certain fungi and bacteria

  • macrophages

  • B lymphocytes

  • viruses

  • T lymphocytes

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Frage 5 von 44

1

An antibiotic (such as penicillin) works by

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • destroying all antigens present in the body

  • killing viruses only

  • killing both bacteria and viruses

  • killing bacteria only

  • neutralizing bacterial toxins

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Frage 6 von 44

1

The main function of an antibody is to

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • initiate the destruction of bacteria

  • stimulate the proliferation of lymphocytes

  • destroy cells infected by a virus

  • destroy cancerous cells

  • engulf bacteria by phagocytosis

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Frage 7 von 44

1

Which of the following is a true statement about bacteria?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • bacteria are not affected by antibiotics

  • bacteria cause disease by reproducing inside of the body's cells

  • all bacteria that enter the human body are harmful

  • bacteria are harmful to the environment

  • bacteria cause disease by secreting toxins

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Frage 8 von 44

1

Which of the following is a true statement about bacteria?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • bacteria are not affected by antibiotics

  • there are many beneficial bacteria that live within the human body

  • bacteria are harmful to the environment

  • bacteria cause disease by reproducing inside of the body's cells

  • all bacteria that enter the human body are harmful

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Frage 9 von 44

1

Which of the following is a true statement about bacteria?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Bacteria are not affected by antibiotics.

  • Bacteria cause disease by reproducing inside of the body's
    cells.

  • All bacteria that enter the body are harmful.

  • Bacteria play an essential role in nature's chemical
    recycling.

  • Most bacteria are harmful to the environment.

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Frage 10 von 44

1

Which of the following is a true statement about plasmids?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • They are found in bacteria, viruses and fungi.

  • They contain more genes than the bacterial
    chromosome.

  • They enable some bacteria to become pathogens.

  • They prevent bacteria from mating with one another.

  • They are short, straight segments of DNA.

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Frage 11 von 44

1

Which of the following is a true statement about plasmids?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • They prevent bacteria from mating with one another.

  • They contain more genes than the bacterial
    chromosome.

  • They are found in bacteria, viruses and fungi.

  • They enable some bacteria to resist antibiotics.

  • They are short, straight segments of DNA.

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Frage 12 von 44

1

Which of the following is a true statement about plasmids?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • They enable some bacteria to utilize rare
    nutrients.

  • They prevent bacteria from mating with one
    another.

  • They are found in bacteria, viruses and fungi.

  • They are short, straight segments of DNA.

  • They contain more genes than the bacterial
    chromosome.

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Frage 13 von 44

1

Mad cow disease is caused by

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • a virus that infects helper T lymphocytes.

  • a virus that infects neurons.

  • a prion that infects brain tissue.

  • a bacteria that weakens the immune
    system.

  • a bacteria that infects brain tissue.

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Frage 14 von 44

1

AIDS is a disease that is caused by

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • a prion that destroys lymphocytes.

  • a virus that infects helper T
    lymphocytes.

  • a viroid.

  • a virus that infects B lymphocytes.

  • a bacteria that kills macrophages.

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Frage 15 von 44

1

A viroid is a

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • piece of RNA that infects plant
    cells.

  • virus that infects helper T
    lymphocytes.

  • virus that infects bacteria.

  • type of bacteria that lives in the
    intestine.

  • protein that infects brain tissue.

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Frage 16 von 44

1

Which of the following are found in a virus?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • nucleic acids

  • all of these

  • enzymes

  • attachment structures such as spikes

  • capsid coat

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Frage 17 von 44

1

Viruses are not true cells because

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • They lack nucleic acids.

  • They cannot reproduce unless inside of a host
    cell.

  • They are slightly smaller than prokaryotic cells.

  • They consist of one small piece of protein.

  • They cause human disease.

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Frage 18 von 44

1

Which of the following happens when a RNAcontaining
virus infects a cell?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The host cell transcribes the viral DNA and produces new viral components.

  • The virus may cause Mad Cow disease.

  • The host cell uses the viral enzyme "reverse transcriptase" to make a copy of viral
    DNA.

  • The virus becomes a symbiont of the cell.

  • The virus provides ATP for the cell.

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Frage 19 von 44

1

Which of the following happens when a DNAcontaining
virus infects a cell?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The virus may cause Mad Cow disease.

  • The host cell uses the viral enzyme "reverse transcriptase" to make a copy of viral
    DNA.

  • The virus provides ATP for the cell.

  • The virus becomes a symbiont of the cell.

  • The host cell transcribes the viral DNA and produces new viral components.

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Frage 20 von 44

1

Which of the following best describes the enzyme "reverse transcriptase"?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • It is an enzyme that RNA-viruses use to make the host cell copy DNA from viral
    RNA.

  • It is a human enzyme used in metabolism.

  • It is a bacterial enzyme used in transcription of bacterial DNA.

  • It is an enzyme that DNA viruses use to make the host cell copy RNA from viral DNA.

  • It is an enzyme that host cells use to destroy viruses.

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Frage 21 von 44

1

What is the purpose of restriction enzymes in nature?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • They are used by fungi to kill bacteria.

  • They have no purpose in nature.

  • They are used by bacteria to prevent infection by viruses.

  • They are used by viruses to infect bacteria.

  • They are part of the human immune system.

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Frage 22 von 44

1

How do biologists use restriction enzymes?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • to cut DNA into thousands of 4nucleotide
    fragments

  • to cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences to produce DNA
    fragments

  • none of these

  • to restrict the replication of DNA within cells

  • to cut RNA into several large fragments

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Frage 23 von 44

1

What is the source of restriction enzymes?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • They are manufactured in the laboratory.

  • They are obtained from fungi.

  • They are obtained from the human blood
    stream.

  • They are obtained from bacteria.

  • They are obtained from viruses.

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Frage 24 von 44

1

One reason for using restriction enzyme technology is

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • to treat human disease

  • to identify the location of specific genes

  • to predict the function of specific genes

  • to begin the process of DNA
    fingerprinting

  • to identify the number of proteins in a cell

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Frage 25 von 44

1

In the RFLP method of DNA fingerprinting, how are DNA fragments separated?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • by paper chromatography

  • by centrifugation

  • by gel electrophoresis

  • by treatment with several different enzymes

  • none of these

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Frage 26 von 44

1

In a DNA fingerprint using the RFLP method, what forms the bands of the "fingerprint"?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Each band is a single DNA fragment of a different length.

  • Each band is a group of DNA fragments of a different size.

  • none of these

  • Each band is DNA from a different cell type.

  • Each band is a RNA fragment with a different nucleotide sequence.

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Frage 27 von 44

1

Microarrays are used to

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • determine which genes have been expressed by a given cell
    type

  • determine the nucleotide sequence of genes

  • none of these

  • determine whether mRNAs from a cell have been translated

  • determine which genes are present in the DNA of an organism

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Frage 28 von 44

1

A cDNA probe is made by

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • none of these

  • using reverse transcriptase to copy mRNAs from the cytoplasm of
    cells

  • using reverse transcriptase to copy DNA from the nucleus of cells

  • using fluorescent nucleotides to label RNA with cells

  • using reverse transcriptase to copy premRNAs
    from the nucleus of cells

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Frage 29 von 44

1

cDNA probes are used to

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • determine which pre-mRNAs are present within the nucleus of a cell

  • determine the nucleotide sequence of a given gene

  • determine which genes have been expressed by a cell

  • none of these

  • determine which genes are present within the nucleus of a cell

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Frage 30 von 44

1

A proteome is

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • all types of RNA present within a cell

  • all of the proteins present within a
    cell

  • all of the mRNA present within a cell

  • all of the genes present within a cell

  • none of these

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Frage 31 von 44

1

A genome is

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • none of these

  • all types of RNA present within a
    cell

  • all of the mRNA present within a cell

  • all of the proteins present within a
    cell

  • all of the genes present within a
    cell

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Frage 32 von 44

1

Which of the following is true of a cell's proteome?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • It represents all of the proteins within a cell.

  • It is equivalent to the number of mRNAs within a
    cell.

  • It includes all types of DNA and RNA within a cell.

  • none of these

  • It represents all of the genes within a cell.

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Frage 33 von 44

1

Where is DNA located within plant cells?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • In chloroplasts only

  • In mitochondria only

  • In chloroplasts and the nucleus only

  • In all of these organelles

  • In the nucleus only

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Frage 34 von 44

1

Regarding extranuclear DNA, where is it located within eukaryotic cells?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • within the nucleolus

  • within smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum

  • within cytoplasmic ribosomes

  • within the cytoskeleton

  • within mitochondria and chloroplasts

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Frage 35 von 44

1

What is the probable origin of extranuclear DNA in eukaryotes?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • It is DNA that leaked out of the nucleus during evolution of eukaryotic cells.

  • It is the result of viral infections of eukaryotic cells.

  • none of these

  • It became part of the cytoskeletal structure of eukaryotic cells.

  • It was present in prokaryotes that became endosymbionts of eukaryotic
    cells.

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Frage 36 von 44

1

In current studies of human ancestry based on maternal inheritance, which of the following
approaches is used?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • the entire genome is analyzed

  • mitochondrial DNA is analyzed

  • cDNA probes and microarrays are used

  • none of these

  • the entire proteome is analyzed

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Frage 37 von 44

1

In eukaryotic organisms, mitochondrial DNA

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • is inherited only from the male parent

  • is not passed from parent to offspring

  • is inherited from both parents

  • is inherited only from the female parent

  • is only present if the offspring has been infected by a
    virus

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Frage 38 von 44

1

Analysis of human mitochondrial DNA can be use to determine

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • all of these

  • whether a person is related to a dead person

  • whether a person is related to another living person

  • in what region of the world a person's ancestors
    lived

  • none of these

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Frage 39 von 44

1

How can a researcher locate species that have genes which are homologous to a given human gene?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • By using the computer program BLAST

  • none of these

  • By performing a microarray analysis

  • By using cDNA probes to locate mRNA

  • By determining the sequence of the human gene

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Frage 40 von 44

1

How can the computer program BLAST be used?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • To determine which genes are expressed in a cell by microarray analysis

  • To determine the amino acid sequence of a new protein by "protein
    sequencing"

  • To locate genes of other species that are homologous to a known gene

  • all of these

  • To determine the nucleotide sequence of a new gene by "gene sequencing"

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Frage 41 von 44

1

How can the computer program BLAST be used?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • all of these

  • To determine which genes are expressed in a cell by microarray analysis

  • To determine the nucleotide sequence of a new gene by "gene sequencing"

  • To determine which animal species have proteins similar to a given human protein
    based on amino acid sequence.

  • To determine the amino acid sequence of a new protein by "protein sequencing"

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Frage 42 von 44

1

The human genome project determined that human DNA consists of

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • 300,000 nucleotides

  • 3 million nucleotides

  • 3 million genes

  • 3 billion proteins

  • 3 billion nucelotides

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Frage 43 von 44

1

What was the purpose of the human genome project?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • To determine whether all humans have the same type of genes

  • To determine which genes are expressed in each type of human
    cell

  • none of these

  • To determine the amino acid sequence of all proteins in human
    cells

  • To determine the nucleotide sequence of all DNA in human cells

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Frage 44 von 44

1

What was the source of DNA used in the human genome project?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • DNA was obtained from 100 people who agreed to have their names published.

  • DNA was obtained anonymously from 100 people, but only a few samples were
    used.

  • DNA was obtained anonymously from about 10,000 people and pooled.

  • DNA was obtained from several samples used in forensic investigations.

  • DNA was obtained from a single person--the man in charge of the project.

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