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Fluid & Electrolyte Balance Quiz 1

Frage 1 von 11

1

Which of the following are signs of hyperkalemia? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • positive Chvostek's sign

  • tall, tented T waves

  • abdominal cramping

  • soft, flabby muscles

  • paresthesias

Erklärung

Frage 2 von 11

1

Why do older adults generally have less total body water than younger adults?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • As functional cells die during the aging process, less water is needed.

  • The muscle mass of older adults is smaller than the muscle mass of younger adults.

  • Older adults have a smaller extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid ratio than younger adults.

  • The plasma volume of older adults is decreased to reduce the risk for excess fluid volume and heart failure.

Erklärung

Frage 3 von 11

1

Which clinical manifestation supports the concept that filtration is directly related to hydrostatic pressure?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Capillary refill is faster in fingers than in toes.

  • Central venous pressure is lowest in the right atrium.

  • Pitting edema is usually detected first in dependent areas.

  • Systolic blood pressure is higher than diastolic blood pressure.

Erklärung

Frage 4 von 11

1

When evaluating the hydration status, the nurse observes tenting of the skin on the back of the 87-year-old client’s hand when testing the skin turgor. What is the nurse’s best action?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Notify the physician.

  • Examine dependent body areas.

  • Assess turgor on the client's forehead.

  • Document the finding as the only action.

Erklärung

Frage 5 von 11

1

What effect would an infusion of 200 mL of albumin have on a healthy client's plasma osmotic and hydrostatic pressures?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Increased osmotic pressure, increased hydrostatic pressure

  • Increased osmotic pressure, decreased hydrostatic pressure

  • Decreased osmotic pressure, increased hydrostatic pressure

  • Decreased osmotic pressure, decreased hydrostatic pressure

Erklärung

Frage 6 von 11

1

Why does pulmonary edema form in a client who has left-sided heart failure?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Increased blood volume in pulmonary vessels, increased blood osmotic pressure

  • Increased blood volume in pulmonary vessels, decreased blood osmotic pressure

  • Increased blood volume in pulmonary vessels, increased blood hydrostatic pressure

  • Increased blood volume in pulmonary vessels, decreased blood hydrostatic pressure

Erklärung

Frage 7 von 11

1

What is the expected action when capillary pores increase in size?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Increased filtration, increased plasma volume

  • Increased filtration, decreased plasma volume

  • Decreased filtration, increased plasma volume

  • Decreased filtration, decreased plasma volume

Erklärung

Frage 8 von 11

1

Which condition is most likely to cause formation of edema?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Increased plasma osmotic pressure, increased plasma hydrostatic pressure

  • Increased plasma osmotic pressure, decreased plasma hydrostatic pressure

  • Decreased plasma osmotic pressure, increased plasma hydrostatic pressure

  • Decreased plasma osmotic pressure, decreased plasma hydrostatic pressure

Erklärung

Frage 9 von 11

1

Which assessment technique would be the best for the nurse to use to determine the adequacy of circulation in a client whose blood osmolarity is 250 mOsm/L?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Checking urine output

  • Measuring abdominal girth

  • Monitoring fluid intake

  • Comparing the radial pulse with the apical pulse

Erklärung

Frage 10 von 11

1

Which community-dwelling healthy person has the greatest risk for dehydration when exposed to a hot, dry environment for several hours?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • 50-year-old man

  • 50-year-old woman

  • 80-year-old man

  • 80-year-old woman

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Frage 11 von 11

1

How is the process of active transport beneficial to human living systems?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Active transport moves substances against a concentration gradient, allowing fluid compartment volume ionic differences to be maintained.

  • Active transport allows the fluid lost at the capillary–interstitial compartment interface to be returned by lymph flow to the systemic circulation.

  • When diffusion is limited by membrane impermeability, active transport maintains homeostasis of osmolarity across all body fluid compartments.

  • When osmosis cannot occur during periods of anoxia, active transport facilitates movement of glucose across cell membranes so that energy production is not disrupted.

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