The generation of an energy rich phosphate bond resulting from the breakdown of a more energy rich substrate.

The synthesis of ATP driven by the electron transport chain.

The potential of a substance to donate its electrons.

The synthesis of ATP driven by the electron transport chain.

The formation of an energy rich phosphate bond from the breakdown of a more energy rich substrate.

The potential of a substance to donate its electrons.

2-Phosphoglycerate -> Phosphoenol pyruvate

Glucose -> Glucose-6-phosphate

Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate -> 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

Fructose-6-phosphate -> Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

Glycogen levels will increase

Glycogen levels will decrease

Activates acetyl groups so they can be transferred to other metabolites.

Catalyse gluconeogenesis in the liver as part of the cori cycle.

Converts Pyruvate into Acetyl CoA

The energy from electron transport drives the efflux of hydrogen ions from the matrix into the intermembrane space. This establishes a proton electrochemical gradient. ATP synthesis is driven by ATP synthase using this proton gradient (proton motor force).

The energy from electron transport drives the efflux of hydrogen ions from the intermembrane space into the matrix. This establishes a proton electrochemical gradient. ATP synthesis is driven by ATP synthase using this proton gradient (proton motor force).

The energy from electron transport drives the efflux of hydrogen ions from the matrix into the intermembrane space. This establishes a proton electrochemical gradient. ADP synthesis is driven by ADP synthase using this proton gradient (proton motor force).

The H+ gradient generated by the energy that is released from the electron transport chain is dissipated as heat instead of being coupled to drive oxidative phosphorylation.

The energy released from the electron transport chain is dissipated as heat instead of being coupled to drive oxidative phosphorylation.

It allows the proton gradient, established from the energy generated by the electron transport chain, to pass through the membrane and uses this kinetic energy to phosphorylate ADP into ATP.

ATP synthase phosphorylates ADP into ATP from the energy from the electron transport chain.

ATP synthase phosphorylates cAMP into ATP using the proton gradient established from the energy from the electron transport chain.

It carrys the H+ back into the matrix therefore the proton gradient that is established is not used to make ATP via ATP synthase.

It blocks the ATP synthase membrane bound enzyme, therefore stopping oxidative phosphorylation.

Although the TCA/krebs cycle does not need O2 directly, regeneration of NAD+ and FAD depend upon O2 as a terminal electron acceptor at the end of the ETC. Without O2 as the terminal electron acceptor, the ETC cannot proceed as electrons are not being terminally accepted and thus FADH2 and NADH cannot reduce the ETC carriers as electrons are not passing through the system. Without NAD+ and FAD available, conversion of certain intermediates cannot occur in the TCA cycle but more importantly Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate cannot be converted to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate.

Although the TCA/krebs cycle does not need O2 directly, regeneration of NAD+ and FAD depend upon O2 as a terminal electron acceptor at the end of the ETC. Without O2 as the terminal electron acceptor, the ETC cannot proceed as electrons are not being terminally accepted and thus FADH2 and NADH cannot reduce the ETC carriers as electrons are not passing through the system. Without NAD+ and FAD available, conversion of certain intermediates cannot occur in the TCA cycle but more importantly 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate cannot be converted to Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.