What are the five key objectives of science in Empiricism?
prediction, summary, conclusion, explanation, description
influence, prediction, questions, exploration, answers
exploration, description, explanation, prediction, influence
questions, answers, prediction, explanation, summary
Which form of reasoning is the process of drawing a specific conclusion from a set of premises?
Rationalistic reasoning
Deductive reasoning
Probabilistic reasoning
Inductive reasoning
Which “scientific method” follows these steps: 1) observation/data, 2) patterns, 3) theory?
Inductive
Deductive
Implosion
Top down
All of the following are common characteristics of experimental research except:
it relies primarily on the collection of numerical data
it can produce important knowledge about cause and effect
it uses the deductive scientific method
it rarely is conducted in a controlled setting or environment
The Aim or Statement of Purpose in a research study should:
Identify the design of the study
Identify the intent or objective of the study
Specify the type of people to be used in the study
Describe the study
One step that is not included in planning a research study is:
Identifying a researchable problem
Developing a research plan
Statement of the research question
Conducting a meta-analysis of the research
A review of current research
Systematic error is associated with:
Validity
Reliability
An ordinal scale is used to rank order people, objects, or characteristics.
What is a research design?
A framework for every stage of the collection and analysis of data
The style in which you present your research findings, e.g. a graph
A way of conducting research that is not grounded in theory
The choice between using qualitative or quantitative methods
A research plan _____.
Should be given to others for review and comments
Sets out the rationale for a research study
Should be detailed
All of the above
A formal statement of the research question or “purpose of research study” generally ______.
Is made after the literature review
Will help guide the research process
Is made prior to the literature review
Qualitative research is often exploratory and has all of the following characteristics except:
it is typically used when a great deal is already known about the topic of interest
it relies on the collection of non-numerical data such as words and pictures
it is used to generate hypotheses and develop theory about phenomena in the world
it uses the inductive scientific method
Which scientific method focuses on testing hypotheses developed from theories?
Deductive method
Inductive method
Hypothesis method
Pattern method
Which scientific method often focuses on generating new hypotheses and theories?
If a study is "reliable", this means that:
The measures devised for concepts are stable on different occasions
It was conducted by a reputable researcher who can be trusted
The findings can be generalised to other social settings/ populations
The methods are stated clearly enough for the research to be replicated
Reliability is most simply known as which of the following?
Consistency or stability
Appropriateness of interpretations on the basis of test scores
Ways in which people are the same
A rank order of participants on some characteristic
When each member of a population has an equally likely chance of being selected, this is called:
A non-random sampling method
A quota sample
A snowball sample
A random probability selection method
Which of the following statements are true?
The larger the sample size, the greater the sampling error
The more categories or breakdowns you want to make in your data analysis, the larger the sample needed
The fewer categories or breakdowns you want to make in your data analysis, the larger the sample needed
As sample size decreases, so does the size of the confidence interval
Sampling in qualitative research is generally not:
Simple random sampling
Systematic sampling
Quota sampling
Purposive sampling
Which of the following is not a form of non-random sampling?
Convenience sampling
Snowball sampling
They are all forms of non-random sampling
