What two enzymes are used to bypass the pyruvate kinase reaction of glycolysis?
I. pyruvate carboxylase
II. PEP carboxykinase (PEPCK)
III. Fructose bisphosphatase
IV. Glucose-6-phosphate

Which of the following includes the main goals of Pentose Phosphate Pathway?
I. produce ribose-5-phosphate for nucleotide synthesis
II. produce NADPH and NADP for oxidoreductive biochemical synthesis
III. to interconvert pentoses and hexoses

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the secondary structure of nucleic acids?
I. Guanine forms base pairs with cytosine via 2 hydrogen bonds
II. The B form of the DNA is the most common in biological systems
III. The breaking of H-bonds caused by high temperature is called melting

The phospholipid, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate forms the potent secondary messengers inositol triphosphate & diacylglycerol via what enzyme?

Which of the following is not true regarding the four enzyme complexes of the electron transport chain?

Glucose and mannose are epimers at:

One important endogenous molecule for synthetic biotransformation of xenobiotics is glucuronic acid. It is actually the most dominant conjugative biotransformation pathway due to the readily available source of glucose. It is produce from glucose via:

Which of the following is not true about protein structure determination?

Tertiary structures of proteins are primarily stabilized by
I. H-bonds
II. Hydrophobic interactions
III. Ionic bonds
IV. Disulfide bonds

In an uncompetitive inhibition of enzymatic action :

Which biomolecule is not considered a biopolymer?

It is regarded as the universal biological energy currency

This is the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain in aerobic respiration.

The most accepted hypothesis regarding oxidative phosphorylation is

This is a quantitative study of the energy transformations in the living cell

Which of the following hormones promotes rapid glycogenolysis in both liver and muscle

Which vitamin can be used in the management of hyperlipidemia?

Bond between 2 amino acids

Beta oxidation of fatty acids in eukaryotic cells occurs in the

The pentose phosphate pathway (aka HMP Shunt) occurs in the ________ of the liver, muscle and kidney.

The isoelectric point is the

This is the only optically inactive amino acid

This level of protein structure is applicable only to those have several subunits

Arginine is the only metabolite of the urea cycle that does not accumulate because

This is the genetic condition characterized by deficiency of the enzyme branched chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase

These are compounds related to cerebrosides that contain sphingosine, long chain fatty acids, hexoses (usually galactose or glucose) and neuraminic acid

This enzyme catalyzes the conversion fructose-6-P to fructose-1,6-bis-P

Which of the following is called transamination?

The sugar involved in the DNA

This is the reason why blood AB is considered as the universal recipient.

Which one is true regarding the structures of lipids?

This is the product of basic hydrolysis of fats and oils

The group of lipids that is considered amphipathic

Which properly describes a liposome?

It is the building block of essential fatty acids

The digestion of carbohydrates begins in the________.

Cellular elements of the blood devoid of nucleus

Conjugated proteins which are a combination of amino acids and carbohydrates

Glucose is normally absent in the urine because kidneys normally completely reabsorb all glucose. Which of the following is true?

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome which can cause acute confusion, ataxia and ophthalmoplegia, can be treated with which of the following?

This is the major excretory product of purine nucleotides

This is the phenomena of renaturation of nucleic acid after it has been subjected to high temperature and then to room temperature

This is the base sequence for the start codon

This feature of bacterial cells confers selectivity of antibacterial agents targeting protein synthesis to the bacteria and not to the host cell.

This is also known as the RNA-directed DNA polymerase

What essential amino acid is used in the synthesis of niacin?

The cellular particles are often referred to by their sedimentation coefficient value, for example 70s ribosomes that are expressed in terms of 10 -13 seconds. The abbreviation “s” stands for

The best known building blocks of RNA and DNA are

The following are pathological constituents of urine, except:

Glucose and galactose differ only in the configuration of their hydroxyl group at carbon 4. Glucose and galactose are:

The chemical representation shows the most stable conformation of hexoaldopyranoses

These are vegetables or animal drugs that consist of natural substances that have undergone only the process of collection and drying

What do you call plants growing in their native countries?

What is used to treat cascara sagrada extract to reduce its bitter taste?

What type of saponin glycosides are derivatives of steroids with spiroketal side chains?

This is the final step in the preparation of drugs for the commercial market, consisting of the removal of extraneous matter.

Natural relationship existing among plants and among animals

8. In the preservation of crude drugs, this method is the simplest in preventing insect attacks and other form of destruction

This refers to the evaluation by means of the sense organs and includes the macroscopic appearance of the drug, odor, taste, sound upon fracture and feel to the touch

The first commercial application of the technique in pharmaco-biotechnology was made by Eli Lilly Company. Using the non-disease producing strain of E.coli, this company produced the hormone

Which of the following may influence the secondary constituents of plant drugs?

These are products of natural origin many of which without therapeutic effect used by the laity in the self-treatment of diseases.

Which of the following statement/s is/are true?
I. Gums and mucilages are carbohydrates
II. Streptomycin is a carbohydrate
III. The concentration of secondary metabolites increases with age
IV. Biogenesis refers to the study of biochemical pathways leading to the formation of secondary constituents used as drugs

Which of the following pairs is correct?

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

Give the proper sequence of the following processes in the preparation of natural drugs.
I. Garbling
II. Collection
III. Drying
IV. Harvesting
V. Packaging

This classification of drugs considers the natural relationship or phylogeny among plants and animals.

The source of bassorin

Mannitol is used pharmacologically as a/an

Which of the following is/are homoglycan(s)?

The milk left after separation of the cream

Fermentation product from molasses

It is also known as the carob pulp or St. John's Bread

It tastes approximately half as sweet as sucrose, and has humectant properties which makes it a useful ingredient in toothpastes, chewing gums, and dietetic products.

A pharmaceutical aid in the preparation of collodion and flexible collodion.

Gum usually used as a substitute for acacia

It is also referred to as Japanese Isinglass, and is extensively used as a gel in bacteriologic culture media.

Powdered cellulose is the purified, mechanically disintegrated cellulose used as a self-binding tablet diluent and disintegrating agent. Which of the following statements regarding powdered cellulose is correct?
A) The purity of cellulose is defined by its solubility in hydrochloric acid.
B) The cellulose remaining insoluble is termed a-cellulose.
C) The greater the quantity of a-cellulose present, the higher the quality of the material.

The most important monosaccharides found in plants

Which of the following is a source of sucrose?

Which of the following statements is/are true?

This is a product obtained from the incomplete hydrolysis of starch. It is a colorless or yellowish, thick syrupy liquid that is nearly odorless and tastes sweet.

Which of the following pairs is correct?

Which of the following statements refers to fructose?
A) from honey
B) obtained from the inversion of aqueous solutions of sucrose
C) upon hydrolysis, sucrose yields a higher fructose than dextrose content

In milk processing, the liquid separated from coagulum is known as

This is a pentose also known as wood sugar, which is obtained by boiling corn cobs, straw, or similar materials with dilute acid to hydrolyze the polymer.

Which of the following statements concerning lactulose is true?

Xylose is used as a /an

In glycolysis, what enzyme is involved in the conversion of 3 phosphoglyceraldehyde to 1,3-Bisphosphoglyceric acid?

Aside from thiamine pyrophosphate, what coenzyme/cofactor aids in the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvic acid with pyruvic acid dehydrogenase?

Glucose-6-PO, is converted to ____ upon the action of phosphohexose isomerase.

Pyruvic acid, upon the action of pyruvic acid decarboxylase yields ____

Alcohol dehydrogenase acts on acetaldehyde to yield ____

Which tricarboxylic acid was first isolated by scheele in 1784

This acid is a byproduct of wine

This acid used as an acidulant especially in feeding formulas

Which of the following may be produced from the process of distillation?

Which of the following statement/s is/are true?

Which of the following is obtained from Fraxinus ornus I. (Fam. Oleaceae), and is used for its laxative properties?

What is the usual diagnostic dose of mannitol injection?