what is the main portal for pathogens to enter the central nervous system?

what are some alternative entry points for pathogens to enter the central nervous system?

what are the possible consequences of an infection of the central nervous system?

what is the name for inflammation of the brain?

bacterial meningitis should be treated as a medical emergency - true or false?

'coccidus meningitidis' ('meningococcal meningitis') is one of the main causative organisms of meningitis - true or false?

meningitis can result from spread of a respiratory tract infection - true or false?

which populations are at a high risk for meningitis?

what are 3 symptoms of meningitis?

what is the single most important diagnostic tool for meningitis?

how can nasal infection lead to meningitis?

in bacterial meningitis, how soon do antibiotics need to be administered upon a patients arrival ?

what barrier must antibiotics be able to cross in order to combat bacterial meningitis?

vaccines to prevent bacterial meningitis are available - true or false?

who could be considered for administration of prophylactic antibiotics for bacterial meningitis?

what is the most common cause of viral encephalitis in Australia?

supportive therapy is essential to control the neurological symptoms in viral encephalitis - true or false?

vaccines for encephalitis are available - true or false?

what is the name for the dormant cells where 'Clostridium tetani' and C. botulism' can live for a long period of time in the soil?

the spores of 'Clostridium tetani' can get into a wound, associated with what injuries?

tetanus is manifested by OVER activity of what 2 things?

is tetanus manifested by muscle spasms or weakness?

whats an example of a muscle disorder in a tetanus patient?

what is the first important step in tetanus treatment?

tetanus is preventable by vaccination - true or false?

botulism is not an infection - what is it?

botulism inhibits the release of which neurotransmitter?

is botulism characterised by muscle weakness or spasm?

botox is administered medically to overcome muscle spasm or weakness?

stroke is due to a sudden disruption of what?

what is the most preventable cause of stroke?

what are the two types of stroke?

atrial fibrillation can cause ischaemic stroke - true or false?

deep vein thrombosis can cause haemorrhagic stroke - true or false?

what are 2 main causes of haemorrhagic stroke?

how are headache symptoms in stroke patients different to those with sleep deficiency?

transient ischaemic attack (TIA) is a real stroke - true or false?

to confirm a stroke diagnosis, what examinations do you need to perform?

would you consider administering thrombolytic therapy immediately for ischaemic stroke?

what are the early symptoms of brain herniation?

the most serious consequence of brain herniation due to haemorrhage is compression of the brain stem / medulla - why?

does motor cortex damage lead to skeletal paralysis on the same or opposite side?

neural degenerative disease is reversible - true or false?

which neurotransmitter is affected in alzheimers patients?

alzheimers is manifested by what affect to the cortex?

in alzheimers, which brain lobes are affected and which are unchanged?

what are the 3 stages of behavioural change in alzheimers patients?

which neurotransmitter is affected in Parkinson's disease?

why can't you use dopamine to treat Parkinson's?

patients with Parkinson's can have difficulty standing up from a low chair - true or false?

which meds can cross the blood-brain barrier and be cleaved into dopamine?

a reduction in the levels of what leads to Huntington's disease?

the involuntary movements in patients with Huntington's disease are normally repetitive - true or false?

Huntington's disease can be inherited - true or false?

Huntington's chorea (the involuntary movements that are symptomatic of it) can be ameliorated by meds to increase brain GABA levels - true or false?

what injury is manifested by a bruise to the cortical surface of the brain?

is the memory loss secondary to concussion usually temporary or permanent?

is the memory loss secondary to diffuse axonal injury (DIA) usually temporary or permanent?

whats the prognosis for patients with rapid intracranial bleeding?

give an example of a 'secondary' brain injury

in spinal shock, reflex activity would normally disappears - true or false?

spinal cord injury (SCI) ALWAYS leads to a complete loss of both motor and sensory function - true or false?

loss of bladder and bowel control due to spinal shock is permanent - true or false?

spinal injury at or above which point would normally result in the inability to breathe independently

autonomic dysreflexia is manifested by an exaggerated response of what?

a positive reaction to which clinical test is suggestive of spinal cord injury?

blood pressure is increased in autonomic dysreflexia - true or false?