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What is electronegativity?
What are normal oxides?
What do oxides of Li, Na, K, Ca dissolve in water to give?
Are they acid or base?
What do ionic sloids consist of?
DO sodium ions react readily?
Why is this useful?
Name properties of alkali metal halides.
What are the oxides of alkali metals?
What compounds are formed when alkali metals are heated in H gas?
Name the states and some properties of the halogens.
What is the valency of the halogens and what is the formula for their reactions with Al, and H?
Hydrogen Fluoride causes burns but is less volatile than the other halides. Why?
What do hydrogen halides dissolve in water to give?
Give a high valency found in an interhalogen compound between I and F?
Why do all oxides of bromine have no practical value?
What are halogen oxides liable to do?
What character do all of the transition elements, the lanthinoids and actinoids share?
What are the main group semimetals and what properties define them?
What is different about the trend in the reactions of fluorine?
metals and semi metals have a pattern of increasing valencies. How is this not true for non metals?
Apart from oxygen the valency down groups 1,2 and 13-16 is constant. This is not true for the halogens. What are the maximum valencies for their oxides and fluorides?
For hydrides the pattern of valencies acroos a period is different. What pattern does it display generally?
What are isotopes?
What is the relative atomic mass measured in?
What is the chemistry of an element governed by?
How many electrons occupy the s, p and d levels?
What is the principle quantum number n?
What is the orbital quantum number l?
What is the magnetic quantum number m?
How many electrons can each level with a given n, l and m (sub)l have. What property is this related too?
When an orbital has two electrons what is their spin? What are these two electrons said to be?
What does Hund's rule say about the configuration of electrons in the ground state?
What form do elemental noble gases take?
What other properties do they have?
What is the first ionisation energy?
What happens to the 1st ionisation energy with increasing atomic mass?
What is an octet?
How can you predict whether a compound will be ionic or covalent?
Why does electronegativity increase across a period?
What is the guideline for predicting ionic bonds?
Describe metallic bonding.
What are alloys?
Where are the highest electronegativities found?
What do 2 elements with low but similar negativities form?
What do elements with high but similar electronegativities form?
What do combinations of low and high electronegativities form?
What is the traditional definition of oxidation and reduction?
If oxidation number goes up from one side of the equation to the other, has the atom been oxidised or reduced?
If oxidation number goes down has the atom been oxidised or reduced?
What are the four steps for balancing redox equations?
What is Arrhenius's definition of an acid?
What state symbol is 'amm' in an equation?
How can Arrhenius's definition be extended?
Arrhenius defined a base as a substance that gives hydroxide ions when dissolved in water. How can it be extended?
So what is the bronsted-Lowry definition?
What is a dative bond?
How are dative bonds drawn?
What is the definition of a Lewis Acid and a Lewis Base?
What are resonance structures?
Name the shapes molecules such as the fluorides can take?
What are the two kinds of position in the molecule shapes of the previous question?
Why are these molecule shapes adopted?
What are the four steps for deciding on a molecule's shape.
What is the order that repulsion axes vary?
What is the order that repulsion varies taking double and triple bonds into account?
Will repulsion axes of single electrons be stronger or weaker than any two electron axis?
When deciding on laternatives for distributions of repulsion axes what rules should be followed?
What is a dipole?
What is the dipole moment?
In ionic bonds, ions are held together by?
What is a dipole-dipole interaction?
What are charge-dipole interactions?
What is a London Dispersion Force?
What is hydrogen bonding?