Human Geography Unit 8, Tests 1-3 Spring 2015

Where something is located in relation to something else is referred to as...

• Distance decay

• Site characteristitcs

• Friction of distance

• Situational charactersitics

• Absolute location

The type of map that shows areas with statistical values in 3-5 categories is known as a...

• Choropleth map

• Graduated circle map

• Robinson map

• Dot distribution map

• None of the above

A ratio of the number of items within a defined unit of area measures...

• Density

• Dispersion

• Direction

• Diffusion

• Pattern

A special type of map designed to reveal the nature of local topography is called

• Contour map

• reference map

• Peters projection map

• Local-global continuum map

• Robinson projection map

Linear, centralized, random and grid patterns help define the

• Organization of Earth's surfaces into distinct areas

• Physical gap or distance between two objects

• Arrangement of objects on Earth's surface in relation to other objects

• Distance between objects on a map and the distance between objects on Earth's surface

• Position of something on Earth's surface

Which of the following examples best illustrates the concept of cognitive distance?

• Distance expressed in terms of how far the average person can walk in one day.

• Distance measured in terms of minutes or hours.

• Distance expressed in terms of the perceived amount of space separating one place from another.

• Distance expressed in terms of the amount of money it will cost to travel from one place to another.

• Distance measured in terms of miles or kilometers.

Which of the following has a location at 180 degrees longitude?

• Tropic of Cancer

• Prime Meridian

• North Pole

• International Date Line

• South Pole

Which if the following is the most important function of a toponym?

• To determine precise absolute locations on Earth

• To define the mathematical relations between the size of an area on the map and its actual size

• To define a location relative to other human and physical features on a landscape

• To distinguish a particular place from other places on Earth

• To identify similarities of physical or cultural features within a region

Which if the following major cities is located at approximately 40 degrees N latitude and 74 degrees W longitude?

• New York City

• Istanbul

• Beijing

• Mexico City

• Paris

Which of the following is not a key element on a map?

• Scale

• Title

• Legend

• Source

• Meta data

Geographers consistently ask...

• When and why questions

• When, who and what questions

• When and where questions

• Why of where questions

• How and what questions

The idea that spatial interaction declines as distance increases is known as...

• Network integrations

• Distance-decay

• Time-space compression

• Migration transmission

• The gravity model

Longitude is to the prime meridian as latitude is to the...

• South Pole

• Equator

• Tropic of Capricorn

• North Pole

• Tropic of Cancer

The ability to travel and communicate over greater distances and shorter amounts of time, due to technological innovations such as the airplane, automobile, telephone and internet represents the idea of...

• Friction of distance

• Relocation diffusion

• Stimulus diffusion

• Possibilism

• Time-space compression

Which of the following is NOT an example of a change in relative location?

• Population migration westward stimulates economic activity in a small western town.

• A community decimated by contagious disease moves to a location further inland.

• A city gains revenue and population after a new Interstate Highway is built through it.

• Towns east of a city begin to lose population as towns west of a city begin to gain population.

• A town loses its appeal as a vacation destination as a result of eroding beaches.

GPS devices determine

• Time-distance decay

• x, y, and z values for an object

• Longitude and latitude

• Relative location within 100 yards

• Altitude

Thematic maps that employ a range of color tones to illustrate how particular values vary across pre-defined areas such as countries, provinces or states are referred to as...

• Cartograms

• Isoline maps

• Chloropleth maps

• Dot maps

• Proportional symbol maps

One method of organizing Earth's surface into regions emphasizes core and peripheral areas. This method identifies...

• Perceptual regions

• Functional regions

• Vernacular regions

• Uniform regions

• Formal regions

GPS stands fo

• Geographic Polarity System

• Geographic Positioning Science

• Global Positioning System

• Geographic PlaceSynthesis

• Global People Standards

All maps have...

• Graduated circles

• Multiple colors

• Bar scale

• Distortion

• Representative fractions

Spatial coordinates of latitude and longitude express

• Absolute location

• Relative distance

• Relative location

• Relative direction

• Absolute direction

Which of the following best describes the SITE of Manhattan?

• An important center for international trade and commerce

• An island bordered by the Hudson and East rivers

• A regional transportation hub for the Northeastern U.S.

• An urbane center located two hours northeast of Philadelphia by train

• A midway point along an urban corridor stretching from Boston to Washington, DC.

Which of the following US cities is a site on the Mississippi River and is situated as a major port for offshore petroleum production in the Gulf of Mexico?

• New Orleans

• St. Louis

• Minneapolis

• Mobile

• Houston

A subjective image of an area informed by individual perceptions and experiences in that area is known as...

• Mental map

• Thematic map

• Contour map

• Topographic map

• Reference map

Remote sensing is often used during peace time to analyze...

• Loss of prime agricultural land

• Irrigation needs for farmers

• Spread of desertification

• Urban sprawl

• All of the above

Which of the following characteristics of a place is most important in determining its centrality or isolation?

• Pattern

• Absolute location

• Physical site characteristics

• Toponym

• Relative location

A traveler must set the clock back 24 hours when...

• Crossing the 180-degree longitude line from America to Asia

• Passing over the North Pole

• Passing over the South Pole

• Crossing the equator going south

• Crossing the 180-degree longitude line from Asia to America

This geographer who developed the multiple hearth theory with respect to agriculture was

• Henrich von Thunen

• Ether Boserup

• Carl Sauer

• Max Weber

• Thomas Malthus

A method for representing the three-dimensional surface of the Earth on the two-dimensional surface of a map is known as...

• projection

• proximity

• ethnography

• scale

• globalization

The principle of distance decay describes...

• A negative correlation between distance and degree of relation

• No correlation between distance and degree of relation

• An uncertain correlation between distance and degree of relation

• A neutral correlation between distance and degree of relation

• A positive correlation between distance and degree of relation

Which of the following concepts refers to the spatial arrangement of items or features within a given area?

• Scale

• Accesibility

• Trajectory

• Distribution

• Direction

Which of the following is a geographic question?

• Why does urban sprawl create transportation problems?

• What geographical benefits are there to the "eat local" movement?

• Where did Brian Berry base his studies of Central Place Theory?

• Why does the absence of rank-size rule impact customers?

• All of the Above

The process in which technology is increasing the connectivity and interdependence of the world's business community is often referred to as...

• Democratization

• Globalization

• Integration

• Interaction

• All of the above

Geographic Information Systems use multiple layers of information to produce ___________________________.

• Infrared satellite images

• Oblique maps

• Hand-drawn maps

• Aerial photographs

• Computer maps

The geographical region whose center is located along the equator and whose area extends roughly 20 degrees north and south of the equator is known as the....

• Tundra

• Tropical zone

• Taiga

• Rain forest region

• Polar region

Which map projection is most distorted at high latitudes?

• Goode's

• Mercator

• Conic

• Robinson

• Equal area value

The idea that material innovations such as new technologies diffuse more rapidly than newly exposed cultures can adequately respond and adapt to them best illustrates the idea of...

• Cultural lag

• Environmental determinism

• Relocation diffusion

• Stimulus diffusion

• Cultural divergence

Which of the following was least accurately represented on Hecataeus' 5th Century B.C.E map of the world?

• The Black Sea

• Asia

• Greece

• Mediterranean Sea

• Egypt

Which of the following cartographic terms describes the location of a place in terms of its angular distance north or south of the equator?

• Latitude

• Meridian

• Legend

• Longitude

• Azimuth

All of the following are intervening obstacles to the flow of goods EXCEPT...

• Major bodies of water

• Deserts

• Highways

• Political boundaries

• Mountains

Toponyms tend to fall into which of the following categories in the United States?

• Historical events

• Physical features

• Transplanted from somewhere else

• Famous people

• All of the above

Mental maps could be especially useful for...

• Chamber of Commerce members

• Determining shopping habits by marketing firms

• College admissions officers

• Tourist bureaus

• All of the above

"Sense of place" refers to...

• The unique situational characteristics

• Uniform landscape of a place

• Characteristics of the founder of a place

• The unique physical site characteristics

• The unique physical and human attributes that gives a place character

The concept that technologies shrink functional space between places is called...

• Distance decay

• Spatial interaction

• Expansion diffusion

• Friction of distance

• Time-space convergence

The American geographer who developed a school of cultural geography focused on cultural landscape was...

• Max Weber

• Marvin Hall

• Walter Cristaller

• Carl Sauer

• Alexander von Humbolt

Which of the following situations is the best examples of time-space compression?

• Internet connections through a personal computer

• Circular spatial pattern of a settlement and land use

• Relatively close match between official local time and solar time

• Isolation of people who live in a region's periphery

• The perception of cultural unity of people on the Korean peninsula

Geographers often use this type of investigative method to examine issues.

• Inquiry

• Scientific

• Deductive

• Polemical

• A&B only

The geographer who first calculated the Earth's circumference with relative accuracy was...

• George Perkins Marsh

• Ptolemy

• Carl Sauer

• Eratosthenes

• Idrisi

Which of the following would be best illustrated by a large-scale map?

• Connecting highways between towns in a region

• The arrangement of streets in a village

• Connections among major world cities

• Major road crossings in a town

• Major highways that connect regions in a country

The art and science of mapmaking is called...

• Spatial analysis

• Physical geography

• Cartography

• Territorial morphology

• Topography

The Prime Meridian which passes through Greenwich, England is equivalent to which of the following lines of longitude?

• 270 degrees longitude

• 90 degrees longitude

• 180 degrees longitude

• 0 degrees longitude

• 45 degrees longitude

In cognitive space, perceived boundaries such as frontiers, horizons and shorelines are known as...

• Edges

• Districts

• Nodes

• Landmarks

• Paths

Which of the following maps would be most helpful to a local doctor who is trying to identify the spread of disease among individual children in a particular county?

• A map with a scale 1:100

• A map with a scale 1:500

• A map with a scale 1:50

• A map with a scale 1:1000

• A map with a scale 1:5

During the process of mapmaking, in which the three-dimensional surface of the Earth is projected onto a flat, two-dimensional surface, all of the following attributes can become distorted EXCEPT...

• Direction

• Relative location

• Shape

• Area

• Distance

A hiker is to a contour map as a driver is to...

• Census tract

• Reference map

• GIS system

• GPS system

• Mercator projection map

In recent years, a significant intraregional migration has occurred from Afghanistan to...

• The United States

• Southeast Asia

• Pakistan

• Australia

• India

In which of the following countries is life expectancy projected to drop the most by the year 2015?

• Mongolia

• Japan

• Namibia

• Luxembourg

• Russia

The demographic transition model suggests that as countries industrialize...

• Life expectancy will decrease over time

• Birth and death rates decrease over time

• In-migration increases over time

• Fertility rates increase over time

• Migration increases from rural to urban areas

The maximum reproductive capacity of a population is known as...

• Fertility

• Prolific

• Fecundity

• Sterility

• Fruitful

Which total fertility rate is most likely indicative of a country in Stage 5 of the Demographic Transition Model?

• 4.1

• 3.0

• 3.5

• 1.2

• 2.1

Which of the following groups of immigrants came to the US during the early 20th Century primarily because of the push factor of government persecution in their home country?

• Germans

• Russian Jews

• Southeast Asians

• Indian Hindus

• Irish

An infant mortality rate of 40.85 means that in a given country...

• The female fertility rate is very high

• 40.85 percent of all infants die before the age of 1

• Life expectancies are very low for all ages

• 40.85 more births than deaths occur during the course of the year

• 40.85 infants per 1,000 die before the age of 1.

One criticism of Demographic Transition Theory is that it rests on the prediction that all countries will

• Avoid war and famine in the future

• Continue to be agriculturally productive

• Eventually industrialize

• Develop effective population control policies

• Successfully avoid the mortality revolution

Which statement about overpopulation is true?

• Overpopulation can only occur in less-developed areas

• Overpopulation is achieved when the physiological density reaches more than 1,000/km

• Overpopulation occurs when an area's population is greater than its carrying capacity

• Overpopulation is unlikely because food production potential is unlimited

• All of the above

Which of the following is NOT a result of Overpopulation?

• Deforestation in Madagascar

• Lack of access to food in Manila

• Overcrowding in Mumbai

• Low unemployment rates in Tokyo

• Squatter settlements in Rio de Janeiro

All of the following are population clusters in the East Asian population concentration EXCEPT

• Japan

• Eastern China

• Western China

• Taiwan

• The Korean Peninsula

According to Ravenstein, migrants who move longer distances tend to

• Be most affected by distance decay

• Choose cities as their destinations

• Avoid step migration

• Travel in families

• Take advantage of intervening opprtunities

In Country A, the crude birth rate is 38 per 1,000 people and the crude death rate is 18 per 1,000 people.
In Country B, the crude birth rate is 18 per 1,000 people and the crude death rate is 9 per 1,000 people.
It is apparent from this data that...

• Country A is overpopulated

• The population of Country A will double in 35 years

• Country A has a larger population than Country B

• The population of Country B will double in 15 years

• The carrying capacity of both countries are being strained

The first stage of the Demographic Transition Model indicates that...

• Total population is increasing with high birth rates and low death rates.

• Total population is low and constant with high birth rates and low death rates.

• Total population is low and constant with low birth rates and low death rates.

• Total population is low and constant with low birth rates and high death rates.

• Total population is low and constant with high birth rates and high death rates.

A high dependency rate suggests that a large percentage of the population is

• Under 14 years old and over 65 years old.

• Between 1 and 64 years old.

• 65 years old or older

• Under 14 years old

• Between 14 and 65 years old.

Which of the following graphs exhibits a J curve?

• Global infant mortality rates over time

• Global dependency ratio rateover time

• Global birth rates over time

• Global population growth over time

• All of the above.

The major factor contributing to the explosive population growth in more developed countries (MDCs) during he 19th and 20th centuries was

• The diffusion of modern medical practices

• The diffusion of vaccines and antibiotics

• The diffusion of birth control devices

• The diffusion of the Industrial Revolution

• The diffusion of family planning programs

Margaret embarked on her move to California. En route to San Diego from her home in Kentucky, she stopped in New Mexico. While in New Mexico, she fell in love with the city of Santa Fe and decided to stay there. In Margaret's migration, Santa Fe represents a(n)...

• Remittance

• Pandemic

• Intervening obstacle

• Intervening opportunity

• Push factor

In Country A, the crude birth rate is 38 per 1,000 people and the crude death rate is 18 per 1,000 people.
In Country B, the crude birth rate is 18 per 1,000 people and the crude death rate is 9 per 1,000 people.
The Natural Increase Rate (NIR) of Country A is

• About the same rate as Country B

• 20 percent

• half the rate of Country B

• 56 per 1,000

• 2 percent

In order to replace its population only, a country needs a total fertility rate of

• 2.1

• 3.5

• 1.2

• 4.1

• 3.0

What differentiates a natural disaster from a natural hazard?

• A natural hazard only includes the loss of property

• A natural disaster often includes the loss of property and life

• A natural hazard is a predictable event

• A natural disaster includes only the loss of life.

• All of the above

Which of the following is most likely to have the largest activity space?

• A suburban teenager

• A retired person living in the city

• A school-age child

• A middle age suburban male

• A farmer

Suppose that a country's crude birth rate is higher than its crude death rate, but the country's out-migration is greater than the difference between the birth rate and death rate. How would this country's natural increase be affected?

• The country would have a natural increase, but only if its immigration policies changed.

• The country would have a natural increase.

• The country would have a natural increase only if the out-migration was composed of older people.

• The country's natural increase would depend on whether most out-migrants were men or women.

• The country would not have any natural increase.

Influenza is an example of what type of disease diffusion?

• Hierarchical

• Contagious

• Relocation

• Mixed

• Network

Malaria, which is present in many populations living in tropical or sub-tropical regions, is an exampleof a(n)

• Endemic

• Prsodemic

• Epidemic

• Pandemic

• Endodemic

Overpopulation in a country occurs when...

• The country imports food

• The country's population outgrows its carrying capacity

• Total population reaches 10 billion

• Large parts of a country are desert

• There is more of one sex than the other.

According to Demographic Transition Theory, during which stages of demographic transition does low growth occur?

• Stage I only

• Stage II and III only

• Stage III only

• Stages III and IV only

• Stages I and IV only

Which of the following is not a contributing factor to low birth rates in Stage Four of the Demographic Transition Model?

• The education of women

• Increased sanitation

• Availability of health care

• Reliance on subsistence agriculture

• Less dependence on child labor

The gravity model predicts

• The movement of people, goods and ideas between two locations based on size and distance

• The physiological density of a country

• Periods of population explosion in a certain geographic region

• The rate at which intercontinental migration occurs

• The number of people a city can support with available resources

Generation X, which is a group of individuals all born within a defined time interval, is an example of a(n)

• Division

• Class

• Unit

• Cohort

• Brigade

Since 1950, this part of the developing world has seen a dramatic increase in population.

• Agricultural areas

• Urban areas

• Rural areas

• Non-industrial areaas

• Areas away from coasts

Which factor was identified at the 2004 United Nations population conference as key to controlling population growth?

• Farming methods

• HIV/AIDS

• The status of women

• Health care

• Political ideology

The Canadian province of Quebec is demographically different from other Canadian provinces because

• It has a larger proportion of people who live in poverty

• Its percentage of immigrants is high

• Most of its inhabitants speak French as a first language

• Its fertility rate is low

• It has a higher population density

Which of the following states has the lowest population growth rate?

• New York

• Georgia

• Texas

• Nevada

• California

Which of the following countries most likely has the highest agricultural density?

• England

• Egypt

• United States

• Brazil

• Germany

A population with a relatively young age structure is most likely to be found in

• Australia

• Japan

• Sub-Saharan Africa

• North America

• Western Europe

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding population policies in India?

• India's government has made few attempts to curtail population growth.

• India's successful population policies have most likely prevented the country from being the most populous country in the world as early as 2030.

• India has followed China's lead in establishing a "one child policy" on the national level.

• Despite policy coordination problems, India's birth rate has dropped by more than half in the last 35 years.

• Unlike China, India has had a problem coordinating a centralized population policy.

Which of the following population control examples did Thomas Malthus support?

• The upper class paying additional taxes to fund family planning and cleanliness education for the lower class

• Relocating cities and towns away from stagnant pools and marshy lands to promote better health among all citizens

• Widening city streets in low-income neighborhoods to reduce over-crowding and the spread of disease

• Equitably distributing food among all citizens regardless of wealth during times of famine

• The upper class utlizing moral restraint to limit family size

Which US state has the highest Natural Increase Rate (NIR)?

• California

• Colorado

• Utah

• New Mexico

• Texas

The part of the Earth's surface that is physically suitable for permanent human settlement is known as the

• Ecosphere

• Ecumene

• Biosphere

• Biosystem

• Ecosystem

A population continuing to grow following a fertility decline due to the large percentage of young people is known as

• Demographic force

• Demographic surge

• Demographic momentum

• Demographic push

• Demographic thrust

A J-curve on a population graph indicates

• Logarithmic population growth

• Linear population growth

• Cyclical population growth

• Exponential population growth

• Quadratic function

Baby booms are generally associated with

• Times of war

• Periods of economic prosperity

• Increased number of women in the workforce

• Periods of economic hardship

• Increased education of women

Which country has a low arithmetic density, but a high physiological density?

• Nigeria

• India

• United States

• United Kingdom

• Egypt

In sub-Saharan Africa, out-migration from Rwanda and the Sudan have been caused primarily by

• Ethnic strife

• Lack of economic opportunities

• Unsanitary conditions in urban areas

• Better economic opportunities in surrounding countries

• Environmental disasters

Which of the following measurements would give a demographer the closest prediction of reproductive behavior in a fecund woman in a country?

• Life expectancy

• Infant mortality rate

• Crude birth rate

• Rate of natural increase

• Total fertility rate

Ernst Ravenstein's demographic studies focused mainly on

• Population density

• Migration

• Natural increases in population

• Spatial interactions

• Fertility rates

The carrying capacity of an area is based most closely on its

• Net-migration rate

• Physiological population density

• Total fertility rate

• Arithmetic population density

• Doubling rate

Globally, the three largest population concentrations are located in

• East Asia, West Africa and Europe

• Europe, North America and East Asia

• Southeast Asia, West Africa and East Asia

• East Asia, Southeast Asia and South Asia

• Europe, South Asia and East Asia

Arithmetic population density can be calculated by

• Total land area minus total population

• Total population minus total population

• Total population divided by total land area

• Total population multiplied by total land area

• Total land area multiplied by total population

Culture is spread by

• War and occupation

• Trans-national corporations

• Television and other media

• Migrants

• All of the above

An isogloss is

• A collection of unique words

• A boundary between language regions

• The transition zone between cultures

• A form of language spoken in a local area

• All of the above

Nearly half of all the people in the world speak a language from this language family.

• Austronesian

• Niger-Congo

• Indo-European

• Germanic

• Japanese

Which of the following cultural traits is important to Americans?

• A sense of equality and fairness

• Ancestor veneration and worship

• A focus on social order over individual rights

• A strong state religion

• All of the above

A common language that is used among speakers of different languages for the purposes of trade and commerce is called a...

• Revived language

• Lingua franca

• Pidgen language

• Creole language

• Relict language

Which statement about the English language is correct?

• It has only two separate dialects: British and American.

• Worldwide, there are three times as many native speakers of English as second language speakers.

• It is a member of the Latin language branch

• It is the official language of the United States

• It has been largely influenced by the French language

Hierarchical diffusion is

• The spread of an idea from persons of power to other persons.

• The rapid and widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population.

• The spread of an idea or trait through the physical movement of people from one place to another.

• The spread of an underlying principle or idea.

• None of the above

The practice of evaluating a culture by its own standards, and not by the standards of one's own culture is

• Acculturation

• Cultural transmission

• Humanism

• Ethnocentricism

• Cultural relativism

All of the following are examples of a functional or nodal region EXCEPT...

• The area known as the South

• Any market area for a retail businss

• The area served by Walmart

• The circulation of a daily newspaper

• The broadcast area of a radio station

Mahayana, Theraveda and Tantrayana are three branches of

• Buddhism

• Hinduism

• Daoism

• Sikhism

• Islam

This is the process by which a less dominant culture adopts some of the traits of a more dominant culture.

• Transculturation

• Migrant diffusion

• Acculturation

• Cultural assimilation

• Syncretism

One culture that uses an ideographic method of writing is

• English

• Arabic

• Spanish

• China

• India

All of the following are Latin-based Romance languages except

• Italian

• Portuguese

• Spanish

• French

• English

Relocation diffusion is

• The spread of an idea or trait through the physical movement of people from one place to another

• The rapid and widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population

• The spread of an underlying principle or idea

• The spread of an idea from persons of power to other persons

• None of the above

The idea that an environment influences, but does not strictly determine, how a culture interacts with the environmentis known as

• Cultural ecology

• Cultural environmentalism

• Environmental possibilism

• Cultural possibilism

• Environmental determinism

The largest branch of Islam, to which as many as 80 percent of all Muslims belong, is called

• Sunni

• Meccan

• Berber

• Dravidian

• Shia

Which of the following is NOT an example of expansion diffusion?

• Hierarchical diffusion

• Stimulus diffusion

• Contagious diffusion

• Relocation diffusion

• Nine of the above

Which of the following is an example of stimulus diffusion?

• The spread of WalMart from Arkansas to the rest of the United States.

• The spread of cell phones from the upper class to the middle and lower classes.

• The spread of English language to the British colonies.

• The spread of drive-through windows from fast food restaurants to liquor stores

• None of the above

A condition in which many languages are spoken, each by a relatively small number of people, is called

• Diasporas

• Bilingualism

• Syncretism

• Linguistic fragmentation

• Linguistic relativism

Which of the following is NOT an example of a cultural landscape?

• An airport runway

• Agricultural terracing up a mountainside

• The street pattern around a mosque

• A rain forest

• Brick ruins

Which of the following areas would be considered a cultural transition zone?

• Southern Florida

• Poland

• Southwest USA-Northern Mexico

• Eastern Ontario-Western Quebec

• All of the above

Zionism is best defined as the

• Jewish claim to Palestine as their rightful national homeland

• Shinto ritual of purification involving ceremonial offerings and prayers

• Confucianism doctrine that urges respect for one's elders

• Islamic custom of pilgrimage to Mecca that must by undertaken at least during every follower's lifetime

• Mormon rite of passage that involves a two0year mission of service

The best example of cultural integration (where all elements of society are interwoven with the dominant culture) in the United States is

• The Spanish influence in the Southwest

• The upland South

• The Amish country in Pennsylvania

• The Mormon culture region

• The Pacific Northwest

A single attribute of culture is called a

• Culture landscape

• Culture hearth

• Culture realm

• Culture region

• Culture complex

All of the following are traits common to Muslim regions of the world EXCEPT

• Sharia law

• Daily ritual prayers

• Polytheism

• Pilgrimage

• Fasting

The idea that cultures will modify the natural landscape to fit their needs is known as the

• Cultural environment

• Cultural situation

• Cultural landscape

• Culture building

• Culture traits

The theory that the physical environment causes social and cultural development is called

• Cultural ecology

• Environmental determinism

• Environmental landscape

• Cultural determinism

• Environmental ecology

Which of the following is an example of a formal cultural region?

• The Bible Belt

• The Gulf Coast

• The South

• The Rocky Mountain Region

• All of the above

A collection of languages within a language branch that share a recent common origin and have relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary is a

• Dialect

• Language family

• Language tree

• Language group

• All of the above

Cultural diffusion is

• The innovation of a cultural trait

• The idea that your own culture is superior to others

• The spread of culture traits from one group to another

• The isolation of a culture from the rest of the world

• None of the above

Stimulus diffusion is

• The spread of an idea or trait through the physical movement of people from one place to another

• The spread of an idea from persons of power to other persons

• The rapid and widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population

• The spread of an underlying principle or idea

• None of the above

Which of the following areas is NOT considered a cultural realm?

• Anglo America

• New England

• Latin America

• Sub-Saharan Africa

• Western Europe

A regional variant of a language is known as a

• Language group

• Language family

• Language dialect

• Language branch

• None of the above

Which of the following is an example of relocation diffusion?

• The spread of AIDS to the United States.

• The spread of baseball to Japan.

• The spread of Roman Catholicism to Latin America.

• The spread of English to the British Colonies.

• All of the above.

Which statement about the diffusion of the English and Chinese languages is true?

• The number of English speakers is declining, while the number of Chinese speakers is steadily increasing.

• English and Chinese are both spoken worldwide as lingua franca languages.

• English has diffused worldwide, while Chinese is spoken mostly in China.

• English is spoken in only the United Kingdom and the United States, while Chinese is spoken all over East Asia.

• All of the above.

American English has adopted extensive vocabulary from which of the following languages?

• Spanish language.

• French language.

• Yiddish language.

• Native American languages.

• All of the above.

Cultural ecology is

• the study of human attitudes towards the cultural landscape.

• the study of environmental culture traits.

• the study of human-environment relationships.

• the study of human interaction with animals.

• none of the above.

Which of the following is a sacred place in the Hindu religion?

• Mount Fuji

• Tierra del Fuego

• Sahara Desert

• Ganges River

• Dead Sea

Which of the following is an example of a cultural landscape?

• Tropical jungle

• A coral reef

• Terraced fields of crops up a mountainside

• A glacier

• A stand of pine trees

Problems with the Chinese ideographic writing systems include...

• each symbol must correspond with the pronunciation of the word it represents.

• many symbols no longer have meaning.

• in order to be literate, a person must memorize thousands of symbols.

• each dialect has its own symbols for writing.

• all of the above.

In the United States, the largest concentration of Mormons are found in...

• Texas and Oklahoma

• Utah

• New England

• California and Oregon

• Minnesota and Wisconsin

A Cultural transition zone is

• an area where two cultures merge into a single culture.

• an area where cultures are divided.

• an area around the boundary between two culture regions that exhibits traits from both cultures.

• an area of great cultural diversity.

• an area where one cultural boundary abruptly ends and another begins.

An urban ethnic enclave that is held together by external forces of discrimination and marginalization, as well as by internal forces of community identity and ethnic solidarity, is known as a(n)...

• Isogloss

• Exclave

• Ghetto

• Gated community

• Commune

Which of the following regions is considered a vernacular culture region?

• The American South

• Anglo-America

• East Asia

• South America

• All of the above

Which of the following was NOT one of the earliest ancient cultural hearths?

• Mississippi Valley

• Mesopotamia

• East Asia

• Nile Valley

• Indus Valley

Which statement concerning the globalization of Western culture is true?

• Western culture is often spread through movies and other media.

• Many foreign cultures have adopted Western traits like clothing and religion.

• Some areas of the world have actively resisted Western culture traits

• Backlash against Western culture has resulted in violence in some areas.

• All of these are true.

Which of the following religions is predominant in the states of the southeastern United States?

• Presbyterian

• Baptist

• Lutheran

• Methodist

• Roman Catholic

The Indo-European language family has its distant origins in the area around the...

• Iberian Peninsula

• Italian Peninsula

• Baltic Sea

• Arabian Peninsula

• Black Sea

Which of the following is an example of hierarchical diffusion?

• The spread of Spanish language to Latin America.

• The spread of laptop computers from the upper class to the middle class.

• The spread of AIDS from Africa to Europe.

• The spread of Wal-Mart from Arkansas to the rest of the United States.

• All of the above.

Vernacular language

• is dynamic and always changing.

• is spoken mostly by the lower class.

• has become synonymous with less education.

• has relaxed grammar rules.

• all of the above.

The principle religion of India is