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Crude oil is a mixture of many different hydrocarbons.
What is meant by hydrocarbon?
Describe and explain how petrol is separated from the mixture of hydrocarbons in the crude oil. (4-6 marks)
Many polymers are not biodegradable.
What does biodegradable mean? (1 mark)
Why is there no overall electrical charge on an aluminium atom? (1 mark)
Name the two sub-atomic particles in the nucleus (1 mark)
Why does aluminium react with iron oxide? (1 mark)
Copper is now extracted from ores containing a low percentage of copper compounds.
Suggest two reasons why. (2 marks)
The reaction in the furnace could cause environmental pollution.
Explain how. (2 marks)
The extraction of pure copper is expensive.
Give one reason why. (1 mark)
Pure copper is produced by electrolysis of copper sulfate solution.
Which electrode do the copper ions move towards?
Give a reason for your answer. (2 marks)
Large areas of land are contaminated with copper compounds.
Phytomining can be used to remove these copper compounds from the land.
What is used in phytomining to remove copper compounds from the land? [1]
Fuels react with oxygen to release energy.
Name the type of reaction that releases energy from a fuel. (1 mark)
Fuels react with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide. The reaction of a fuel with oxygen can produce a different oxide of carbon.
Name this different oxide of carbon and explain why it is produced. (2 marks)
Give two reasons why alloys are used in the ballpoint pen.
What is locked up carbon dioxide? (2 marks)
Describe Wegener’s idea of how Earth’s continents formed. (2 marks)
Diesel is a mixture of lots of different alkanes.
What are alkanes? (2 marks)
Why does Iceland have volcanoes? (1 mark)
Describe how volcanic activity led to the formation of oceans.
Calcium oxide reacts with a substance to produce calcium hydroxide.
Name the substance. (1 mark)
Calcium hydroxide reacts with a substance to produce calcium carbonate.
Name the substance. (1 mark)
Iron is extracted by heating a mixture of iron oxide and carbon in a blast furnace.
Name this type of reaction. (1 mark)
What is meant by electrolysis? ( 2 marks)
