B2 flashcards OCR GCSE

a) what are the groups used to classify animals called?

a) what is the differance between an artificial system of classification and a natural system of classification?

a) why is a natural system of identification considered better than an artificial one?

a) how has sequencing the bases in DNA helped scientists?

a) what is a speciese

a) how are all organisms named?

b) how does it work?

a) explain two problems with classifying?

a) why can 2 speciese of animals be grouped similarily but live in completely different habitats?

a) what do pyramids of biomass show?

b) why do pyramids of biomass give a better representation of the eco-system than pyramids of numbers?

a) why are pyramids of biomass difficult to construct?

As energy flows along a food chain some is used in growth

a) can you suggest some other less useful energy transfers?

a) the material that is lost at each stage of the food chain is not wasted, explain why?

a) what is the carbon cycle?

a) why must carbon be recycled?

because each trophic level loses up to 90% of the available energy, an animal at the end of the food chain does not have much energy available to it

a) what is the equasion for the efficiency of energy transfer whithin the food chain?

a) what is the nitrogen cycle?

a) how do bacteria and fungi break down dead animals and return nitrogen to the soil?

a) what do decomposers need to break down dead material in the soil?

b) how do the conditions in waterlogged soil affect decomposition?

c) how do the conditions in acidic soil affect decomposition?

a) what do animals in the same HABBITAT compete for?

b) what do animals in the same speciese compete for?

Animals with similar ecological niches are more likely to compete:

a) what does an ECOLOGICAL NICHE describe?

a) what is the differance between interpecific competition and intraspecific competition?

a) what is the differance between parasitism and mutualism?

a) pea plants have nodules which contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria, explain how this is a mutualism relationship?

a) how are many animals adapted to cold conditions? (3)

a) can you give an exalmple of a behavioural adaptation to living in cold conditions?

b) can you give an exalmple of a biochemical adaptation to living in cold conditions?

a) how are many animals adapted to hot conditions? (2)

a) can you give an exalmple of a behavioural adaptation to living in hot, dry conditions?

b) can you give an exalmple of a biochemical adaptation to living in hot, dry conditions? (2)

a) what is meant by the term specialist?

a) what is meant by the term generalist?

a) how are cacti adapted to survive in desserts?

a) can you explain the theory of natural selection using ideas of genes, variation, competition and reproduction?

a) can you explain how natural selection can produce new specieses?

a) explain why natural selection is difficult to study?

a) give two reasons why darwin's theory of evolution was not accepted?

b) why is darwin's theory of evolution accepted now?

a) what is the differance between darwin's and lamarcks theory on natural selection?

a) what is exponential growth?

b) why is the population growing?

a) what is a carbon footprint?

a) suggest two ways that pollution can be measured?

a) how do direct methods work to measure pollution levels in an area?

a) how do indicator organisms help scientists to estimate the pollution levels in an area?

a) what are the advantages and disadvantages of using indicator organisms to estimate pollution levels?

a) what is conservation?

b) why do people think conservation is important? (4)

a) when is a speciese 'at risk of extinction'?

a) what must be considered when trying to conserve a speciese?

a) what are wales useful for?

b) why are some wales kept in captivity?

c) why do some people object to keeping wales in captivity?

a) why do some scientists believe it is neccesary to kill wales?

b) why is killing wales for most research unneccesary?

a)what does sustainable development mean?

a) what efforts have been made to try to ensure sustainable development?
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