Inferences

___________Hybridization leads to rapid genomic alterations, including chromosomal rearrangements and gene expression changes, some of which are mediated by not transposable elements.

___________These genomic changes often result in novel phenotypes, where some of them are intermediate between parentals, some represent novel combinations of parental features, and, finally, others are extreme.

___________Extreme flowering homoploids can produce a complex blend of floral fragrance that is likely to be effective in attracting pollinators.

___________In Nicotiana, for example, just one specie in the allopolyploid N. section Repanda has flowers that attract long-tongued night-flying moths (three species) like N. sylvestris (the female parent) or short-tongued bees (one species) like N. obtusifolia.

___________Sometimes flowers of intermediate morphology and fragrance do not adapt well to any pollinator, especially if there are very specific interactions.

___________There are specific interactions between the plant and the pollinator, an example of this occurs when the tongue of the nectar spur is highly correlated with the morphology of a specific pollinator.

___________The hybrid invasion of an alternative niche will be much more successful if it is synchronous after reproductive isolation from its parents.

___________Recent evidence has not demonstrated the power of hybridization in creating new combinations of traits and genes responsible for niche divergence.