Noble gases do not participate in any chemical reactions.
True. Absolutely all of them do not participate in any chemical reactions.
False. The heavier ones are found to participate in chemical reactions, mostly with fluorine and oxygen.
False. Most of them participate in chemical reactions, contrary to popular belief.
Scientists are not yet sure.
These are a group of elements that have their outermost electron occupying their outer s or p orbital
Group A or Representative Elements
Group B or Transition Elements
Both Group A and Group B
None of the above
These electrons have the greatest influence on the properties of elements
Innermost electrons
Outermost electrons
Both innermost and outermost
Adding an electron to an __ usually causes dramatic changes in the physical and chemical properties of the atom
s or p orbital
d or f orbital
s or d orbital
p or f orbital
Within a family of representative elements, atomic radii __ from top to bottom. Across a period, it __ from left to right.
increases; decreases
decreases; increases
increases; increases
decreases; decreases
It is a measure of the minimum amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron from an isolated gaseous atom to form an ion with a 1+ charge.
Ionization Energy
Activation Energy
Electron Affinity
Electronegativity
For a given element, the first ionization energy is always __ the second ionization energy.
greater than
less than
almost equal to
unrelated to
The first ionization energies generally __ from left to right across the period, and __ from top to bottom within a family.
Elements from Group __ are exceptions of the periodic trend of first ionization energies because __.
2A; having a fully filled s orbital makes them almost as stable as noble gases
3A; it is easier to remove the lone p1 electron than the fully filled s orbital
4A; this is what experimental data is suggesting
8A; they are the noble gases
Elements with low ionization energies form __.
ionic compounds by losing electrons to form cations
ionic compounds by gaining electrons to form anions
molecular compounds by sharing electrons with other elements
Elements with intermediate ionization energies form __.
Elements with very high ionization energies form __.
It is defined as the energy change when an electron is added to an isolated gaseous atom to form an ion with a 1- charge.
Species are isoelectronic when __.
when they have the same electron affinity
when they have the same electronegativity
they have the same number of electrons
their outermost electron are in the same suborbital
Elements from the left side of the periodic table __ to attain noble gas configurations. By contrast, elements from the right side __.
lose electrons; gain electrons
gain electrons; lose electrons
lose protons; gain protons
gain protons; lose protons
Simple __ are always smaller than the neutral atoms. Conversely, simple __ are always larger.
negatively charged ions (anions) positively charged ions (cations)
positively charged ions (cations) negatively charged ions (anions)
This question does not make sense.
Why am I even here?
Both cation and anion sizes __ going down a group.
increase
decrease
vary irregularly
Within an isoelectric series, ionic radii __ with __ atomic number because of __ nuclear charge.
increase increasing increasing
decrease decreasing decreasing
decrease increasing increasing
increase decreasing decreasing
It is a measure of the relative tendency of an atom to attract electrons to itself when it is chemically combined with another atom.
Elements with high electronegativities are often __ that gain electrons to form __; those with low are often __ that lose electrons to form __.
metals; cations nonmetals; anions
nonmetals; anions metals; cations
metalloids; cations metals; cations
metalloids; cations nonmetals; anions
For representative elements, electronegativities usually __ from left to right across periods and __ from top to bottom within groups.
increase decrease
decrease increase
increase increase
decrease decrease
Electronegativities of the elements are expressed on a somewhat arbitrary scale, called the __.
Cavendish scale
Arrhenius scale
Oswald scale
Pauling scale
Two elements with a large difference in electronegativities tend to react with each other to form __ compounds, whereas those with similar electronegativities tend to form __ bonds.
ionic covalent
covalent ionic
Scientists are still working on answering this question.
This will not be asked in the November 2015 ChE board exam.
In simple ionic compounds, it is the number of electrons gained or lost by an atom when forming a compound. For single atom ions, it is the actual charge on the ion.
Atomic number
Nucleon number
Oxidation state
For the most electronegative element, __, the oxidation state is always __.
hydrogen; +1
lithium; +1
fluorine; -1
oxygen; -2
He discovered hydrogen which he prepared by passing steam through a red-hot gun barrel, and by reaction of acids with reactive metals.
Joseph Priestly
Henry Cavendish
Pierre Janssen
Norman Lockyer
It is currently not very economical to use solar power to continuously electrolyte water to produce hydrogen gas because __.
it is extremely reactive and unstable
it is dangerous to transport due to the fact that it is the lightest gas and can easily leak out
it is extremely poisonous to humans
it smells really bad
Hydrogen reacts with metals and other nonmetals to form binary compounds called __.
hydrides
hydrates
hydrites
acids
__ are binary compounds containing H- ions, formed when hydrogen gains one electron from an active metal. By contrast, __ contain H+ ions, formed when hydrogen shares electrons with another nonmetal.
Ionic hydrides molecular hydrides
Molecular hydrides ionic hydrides
Ionic hydrates molecular hydrates
Molecular hydrates ionic hydrates
__ are all basic because they react with water to form hydroxide ions, whereas many __ are acidic because their aqueous solutions contain hydrogen cations.
The primary industrial use of hydrogen gas is for the synthesis of __ by the Haber process.
hydrochloric acid
sulfuric acid
sodium bicarbonate
ammonia
He discovered oxygen in 1774 by observing the thermal decomposition of mercury (II) oxide, a red powder, to form liquid mercury and a colorless gas.
The earth - land, water, and air - is approximately __ % oxygen by mass.
25
50
75
85
Oxygen is __ soluble in water.
not
slightly
very
Oxygen forms oxides by direct combination with all other elements, except the noble gases and noble metals. Which of the following is not a noble metal?
Au
Pd
Pt
Rh
Which of the following kind of metallic oxide has oxygen atoms with an oxidation state of -1?
Normal oxides
Peroxides
Superoxides
Which of the following kind of metallic oxide has oxygen atoms with an oxidation state of -1/2?
Metals that exhibit variable oxidation states (mostly transition metals) react with a limited amount of oxygen to give oxides with __ oxidation states, whereas those that react with excess oxygen give oxides with __ oxidation states.
lower higher
higher lower
lower lower
higher higher
Oxides of __ are called basic anhydrides (or basic oxides) because many of them combine with water to form bases with no change in oxidation state of the __.
nonmetals
metals
metalloids
noble gases
__ oxides are called acid anhydrides (or acidic oxides) because many of them dissolve in water to form acids with no change in oxidation state of the __.
Oxygen combines with __ to form molecular oxides.
__ oxides of nonmetals react with water to give solutions of ternary acids (which contain elements usually H, O, and another nonmetal).
A few
About half
About a third
Nearly all
The combination of basic anhydrides with acid anhydrides, with no change in oxidation states, form __.
hydrogen gas
oxygen gas
salts
water
It is an oxidation-reduction reaction in which oxygen combines rapidly with oxidizable materials in highly exothermic reactions, usually with a visible flame.
Combustion
Condensation
Evaporation
Oxidation
It is an oxide that shows some acidic and some basic properties.
Amphoteric oxide
Aliphatic oxide
Anhydrous oxide
Amphiprotic oxides
It is a species containing one or more unpaired electrons, and are very reactive.
Ion
Irrational
Radical
It is the process of heating an ore of an element in the presence of air.
Refining
Roasting
Purifying